I am asking you to endure it.

a lot of Gregory Berrycones in the notes missing the reference to my twelve note magnum opus from several hours prior in which the narrator silently begs an entity that isn’t really God for death and the entity says no

the narrator is operating under the constraint that they can only use words “god” has already spoken, “god” is aware of this and says the ‘Time flies’ sentence on purpose in order to give the narrator the pieces they need to voice their complaint; “god” has constant access to the narrator’s thoughts, and answers them as though they’re having a conversation between equals, but clearly absolutely dictates the terms under which the narrator can speak. it becomes obvious as the scene continues that the narrator is silently screaming and that the request being denied may be a request for death, but is at minimum a request for some acute suffering to be stopped

this could be an interaction between a normal person and an evil telepath with some mind control ability pretending to be the voice of a benevolent god. or it could work as a demon lord speaking to a soul they’ve trapped in a mirror and keep at their side. or it could be an actual god trying to calm down their only believer because they’re trapped in the same prison. the concept amused me so kindly forgive the ugliness of the execution

Posts that altered the fabric of the universe

Incredible documentary filmmaking.

What in the actual fuck????

HELLO

We have never been more back

if only cicero HAD chosen catullus for his son-in-law.

something incredibly American about an Allied trooper yelling brand names at Soviets until they recognize him as an ally.

While the Onion buying InfoWars is indeed extremely funny, very few of the posts I've seen commenting on the sale have mentioned that the families of the Sandy Hook victims apparently agreed to voluntarily reduce their lawsuit payout as part of a deal to ensure that the Onion would acquire InfoWars wholesale, rather than having the company broken up and auctioned off piecemeal, as the latter course could potentially have allowed some of those pieces to end up back in the hands of Alex Jones' cronies.

Like, yes, it is in fact very funny that InfoWars is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Onion, but the real props go out to the Sandy Hook families who saw the opportunity and willingly gave up the additional millions of dollars that could have been realised by stripping InfoWars for parts in order to make that happen.

(EDIT: Fixed a sentence incorrectly suggesting that Clickhole is still affiliated with the Onion – it totally slipped my mind that they'd sold it back in 2020.)

Hana-Rawhiti Kareariki Maipi-Clarke, the youngest MP in Aotearoa, starts a haka to protest the first vote on a bill reinterpreting the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi

Goes insanely hard

To provide further context from what I understand the bill wanted to take the rights guaranteed to the Maori in said treaty and expand them to all New Zealand citizens. The issue with that is that it sort of defeats the point of the protections of the treaty.

breaking danville. official crossover . yes i plan to do more of these and u should be afraid about it

.

more shitposts n doodles under the cut 👇

dash is dead im teleporting to the past

https://www.tumblr.com/dashboard?max_post_id=606474489540042752

2016 dash here

2014 dash

2012 dash

2010 dash

BEFORE YOU CLICK A LINK!

Reblog this post :) Especially if you’re on mobile, you’ll lose the post if you click the link without thinking. Take a note from your elders before you

Interesting note: It definitely uses whoever you're following now, not at that date. Even the 2020 one includes a lot of people I was absolutely not following yet in Feb 2020, which is actually kind of cool, I can see what they were reblogging from this fandom before I got into it.

i’m solid ms. jackson wooooooooooooooo i have congealed

never meant to be a liquid guy, took some hours to solidify

get out of touch and obsessed with functionally and materially useless niche fields and topics of interest enough and you too can develop the coveted "loser's superiority complex"

You made it! For making it this far, you get a reward. You receive 125 experience points.

reblog to give your mutuals 125 experience points

Regarding how we're able to do 2, there are a few different ways:

Sometimes the ancients tell us! We have grammatical texts that include phonetic descriptions. Granted the vocabulary used is often imprecise, or overly based on the Greek grammatical tradition, but it still gives us lots of useful information (this is the same way we know Greek used to have a pitch accent rather than a stress accent like it has today)

Similarly, the same way you get complaints or jokes about people pronouncing (or spelling) a word the "wrong" way

This leads into one of the other big ways: misspellings. For instance we have graffiti from Pompeii that replace Latin c with Greek kappa, a letter we know was always pronounced hard, even before i & e. We also do not have graffiti where Latin c is replaced with s. This suggests that the people of Pompeii did not pronounce the letter c the same as an s before e & i (like most modern Romance languages), but instead kept a hard k sound there

The structure of the alphabet also gives us some clues, although it is weaker evidence, as these sorts of quirks can stick around long after they cease to be accurate, and can even persist when the alphabet is borrowed into a new language. The fact we have words spelt with ci and words spelt with si, and which is which stays consistent for so long is suggestive of the fact they were pronounced differently (of course, this doesn't rule of ci being pronounced with a ch sound as in Italian, or a th sound like in some parts of Spain). Similarly, the fact that j & i are spelt with the same letter in Latin itself suggests that they were felt to be in some way similar sounds (the best candidate being that j was pronounced y) - likewise v & u (with v being pronounced w)

We also have evidence from poetry. In English, we're most familiar with poetic structure in terms of rhyme schemes, but in Latin it was mostly about rhythm. You have a metre which requires that syllables of certain "weight" fall in certain parts of the line. This allows us to determine things like vowel length, syllabification of consonant clusters between vowels, and that final -m was not actually a consonant, but instead marked nasalisation of the preceding vowel

We can also look at how words are borrowed between languages. We know that Ancient Greek gamma kappa chi were all stops for various reasons (chi and gamma later became fricatives) and that they were voiced, voiceless unaspirated, and voiceless aspirates respectively, and we also know that in borrowings into Greek from Latin, Latin c is consistently rendered with kappa regardless of the following vowel. This again supports c always being hard in Latin, as well as it lacking aspiration (this is often difficult for English speakers to hear, but it means it would have sounded more like a Spanish c than an English k)

These are all classic philological methods, and were well established in the 19th century. What began in the 19th century though was the comparative method of historical linguistics, as well as widespread appreciation of dialectology

The comparative method relies on looking at a variety of languages and carefully comparing their structures to deduce facts about their common ancestor, based on a few principles (one of the main ones being that sound change is, as a rule, regular i.e. that a given sound in the mother language will have the same outcome in the daughter language, when it occurs in the same environment)

This lets us do things like observe that Sardinian always inherited Latin c with a k sound, rather than ever with a soft sound. A change from a soft sound to a k sound is much less common cross-linguistically than a change from a k sound to an s sound, so on comparative grounds we should reconstruct Latin as always have a hard k sound for the letter c

Then, especially in the 20th century, we started getting extensive dialect data, drawn from many more dialects than was previously practical. This allows us to do more powerful comparison and be more sure of our reconstructions

There are still some open questions, but they're mostly over pretty minor phonetic details. Probably the only one that would affect the pronunciation in a way a layman would notice is whether Classical Latin had any difference in vowel quality between short and long vowels, or was it solely one of length (e.g. was i just like ī but shorter, or was it also pronounced more centrally in the same way the English vowels in KIT and FLEECE differ in quality as well as length)

There were actually multiple regional pronunciations of Latin historically. The ecclesiastical pronunciation which is still used in the Catholic church is only one of those. Many Latin loan-words in English reflect the older English pronunciation tradition, for example, and there are historical references to people from different European countries having difficulty understanding each other's spoken Latin due to differences in pronunciation

Attempts to reconstruct an original pronunciation actually far predate the 20th century. In 1528, for example, the writer Erasmus published a reconstruction of the original pronunciation of Latin and Ancient Greek, although I'm not sure just how close he got to the modern reconstruction

The quality distinctions in the vowels can be pretty solidly reconstructed for at least some varieties of Vulgar Latin at least, based on how the various Romance languages developed the vowels. In the Western Romance languages, for example, the long and short forms of e and o developed into different vowels, while the short i and u merged with, respectively, long e and long o, a merger which wouldn't make sense for a purely length-based distinction. The question then becomes whether that difference in quality extended back to Classical Latin or was a later development. It's probable that there was a stage where it was a purely length-based distinction, but when that change happened is the question. Sardinian shows a development where long and short merged consistently, however, which suggests that the distinctions of quality may have never developed in Sardinia. Roman writers reference the same kind of development as a noted characteristic of African Latin, that African speakers of Latin did not distinguish vowel length at all

Linguistics Tumblr out in force

today i found out that if you have library access through ur school, you almost definitely have a copy of the vatican’s latin translation of diary of a wimpy kid and i am currently reading Commentarii de Inepto Puero thank you

So first let's pray to Vulcan, ugly god of forge and flame/

And also wise Minerva, now we glorify your name/

May you aid our ship's designers now and find it in your hearts/

To please help the lowest bidders who constructed all the parts!

"Rocket Rider's Prayer" by Stephen Savitzky

Vulcanum adoremus primum, deum fornacis deformem

Minervam atque sapientem, cuius celebramus nomen

fabricatores iuvetis navis nostrae et miseremini

eos humillimos, quaesumus, a quibus axes constructi!