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Ungoliantschilde

@ungoliantschilde / ungoliantschilde.tumblr.com

My name is John and I am into Comics, Movies, Artwork, Painting, Rock'n'Roll and Music in General and Pop-Culture in particular. I enjoy polite discussions and requests!
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kasaron

You ever see someone call for violet revolution and just -know- they've never so much as slaughtered an animal for food, let alone placed incredible violence on a human being?

Before you say "Animals are innocent," so are some of the people you will have to kill to make your revolution happen.

Innocent people will have to not only die, but be killed. Good people, even.

You will have to kill them.

You won't have the stomach, because you likely have a good, if flawed, nature.

Your fellow revolutionaries, who will kill you, will not have that.

Have fun with that.

Uh, I don't think when revolutionary people say "violent revolution" they mean "let's go kill a random half of the population". It means "let's irreversibly harm the lives of the corrupt people in power". What, do you think we're animals? Even if violent revolution meant murder explicitly, we know the difference between those who are innocent and those who harm the lives of others.

You will, in the course of your revolution, have to kill innocent people.

You will be required, by the course of reality, the lack of proper information, and the fact that not all innocent people will support you, have to kill innocent people.

You don't understand this, because you likely don't have a comprehension of the depth and breadth of both the problem and the depravity of the solution you would posit.

Being ignorant of these facts does not make them any less real, or true, and your intent means nothing compared to the results, which will be that the streets will fill with the offal and blood of innocent people.

A violent revolution does not care greatly for Blackstone's Formulation. It will snap up innocent and guilty alike, and it will permanently damage all those that engage in it, in ways you cannot reasonably comprehend.

The same people who want this revolution have no arms, have no training, Have no resources, no land, no food, have no means beyond to beg the same men they hate, the police and the state, to do the work of their petty jealousies. That isn't a revolution, that's a coup, an overtaking of the system for the sake of the ideologically posessed at the expense of due process and the innocent, yet again.

To you, whether you articulate it or not, the innocent you will kill are merely incidental. Excused away as acceptable losses, counter-revolutionaries, or not firm enough in their conviction and thereby suitable fodder.

And those who come after you, the more extreme, the more severe, the more willing to be violent and do harm and violate, in every sense of the word, the good and the innocent, will string you up, and feed on you.

You will lament, confused, as has always happened in these sort of things, and cry out "Have I not been a good revolutionary?" As you hold in your intestines from the bayonet, as you cry and bleed in a gutter of the rubble that was once a home, a nation, a place of life, imperfect, but vital, you will remember these words.

Gnash your teeth, and bite your tongue, eat the ash you turned the fields to, and bury yourself under the rubble of the homes you've destroyed. Lament the innocence you violated, your own, and others, posessed by an ideal that was always homicidal, abusive, and vitriolic.

Always remember, revolutionary.

You walk on a thin crust of civility held together by rare and precious things, spun like fine silk.

And below that, is a chasm of hell and depravity so deep and abiding it has eaten entire civilizations, a screaming, hateful void of every indignity and violation, done in an endless cycle of abuse and retribution.

Those precious things strain, like catgut wound too tight.

You can hear them singing, if you listen.

Tread lightly.

TLDR:

Here’s the thing. Bernie Sanders is an objectively good and decent human being. He has flaws. His goals are generally seen as good and for the benefit of the masses. But he is an outlier.

He would not be able to gather the support of the senate, the governors, the House of Representatives or the courts. He would have support from his voting base, and isolated local leaders and senators seeking their own successful careers by joining in Sanders’s leadership. And all that means that Sanders would not be able to pass meaningful legislation.

So, the hypothetical situation of a communist leader in the US is now posed with the very predictable reality of all communist rulers. They have to remove the obstacles to their goal of serving the greater good.

That’s it. That’s the thinking. The justification of believing that your opinions are best for everyone else’s lives can allow you to justify almost any action. Because then it becomes your moral duty to save America by getting rid of the bad Americans.

And Bernie Sanders is one man in a massive governmental machine. And I have looked and I cannot find much about Bernie to hate on. Except he’s one idealistic man, and realistically achieving his goals on a massive enough scale to support socialist beliefs would mean destroying a lot more lives than any of us can truly grasp. It’s not just the corporate fat cats that would lose. It would be all of their employees too. From the VPs down to the doormen. More than half of the United States is employed by companies that could justifiably be called to answer for their crimes before a socialist tribunal.

Don’t be fooled by the rhetoric. Peaceful communist revolutions are possible. But they don’t last. And when the peaceful options end, the violence begins. So get comfortable understanding that you’re advocating for a long and violent war, or rethink your opinions on socialism.

It’s what Kasaron said. You’re gonna have to kill a LOT of innocent people if you really want socialism to take over.

You're right overall, but there's two big problems I'm seeing here.

  1. Bernie Sanders is not a communist or a socialist. Maybe he was 40 years ago when he praised the USSR after a trip there, but his legislative record for the past few decades is not that of someone who opposes democracy, as all communists and socialists do. Any hypothetical far-left takeover of America would not include him, as the idea that he's some sort of tankie was spread by a combination of him not knowing what words mean and rightists taking that and deciding that yes, actually, this man who's done nothing but participate in the democratic system is akshually the second coming of Brezhnev
  2. Has there ever, at any point in history, been a peaceful communist revolution? Because I've studied alot of 20th century history, and I've never come across one. Salvador Allende and any others like him don't count; getting elected in a free and fair election is not a revolution.

Fair enough.

-Bernie is as close to a socialist figurehead as I could think of in the current political milieu. He was meant as a readily identifiable example.

-I googled “Peaceful Communist Revolutions” and got a to Wikipedia page (written by someone that is CLEARLY pro-communism). And they repeatedly mentioned things like the Red October revolution in Russia, with the dates of 1917-1923. Whoever wrote that article tipped their hand with that one. Because for 1, that was NOT peaceful. Roving mobs murdered anyone connected to the upper class. Whole families, especially the Romanovs, executed against outhouse buildings. And the funny part was the date. Because 1923 is when it really started to suck if my history class is being remembered correctly. I also mentioned how all of the “peaceful revolutions” fail after a few years, necessitating the predictable violence.

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reblogged

Seems like every time I say something remotely political, I get notified that I need to change my password. I get a “cannot authorize” in my notifications.

I have been remarkably consistent in my infrequent political postings. I am a staunch moderate that has serious and provable problems with both major political parties. I have REPEATEDLY advocated for mutual conversation towards a positive goal, with an emphasis on listening and giving validity to each other’s view points.

I don’t think either side of the political extreme represents the majority of American’s political viewpoints. The Trumpers and the Wokes are both equally awful yet surprisingly prevalent online. And neither side represents the reality of daily life.

And yet, every time I say things to that effect on this site, I get hacked and I have to change my password.

It is Friday, June 17, 2023. I live in Missouri USA. The local time is 6:38 PM.

I wonder how long it will take for me to have to change my login information again.

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packedtread

The middle is an impossible place to be. There's no spectacle in it. It's just the place for Getting Things Done, thus impossible to romanticize.

We are Very Busy Apes who require entertainment, and it's enormously entertaining to stand at the far end of the enclosure and hurl turds toward the other–much more so than say, sitting in the middle and feeding oneself or grooming someone or making one's bed for the night. This business in the middle simply will not do. Very Busy Apes must play the game. There will be time for the middle once the turds have been counted and the winners decided. If one refuses to play, the apes at the edges will hurl turds at the middle until such time as the middle gets up and chooses a side.

Enclosures are very noisy places too. High curved walls bounce echoes around in such a manner that one often hears one's distant poo adversary shouting directly into one's ear. This is why it is imperative the middle of the enclosure be abandoned. One will miss all the meaningful exchange.

Why would one subject oneself to such tedium, such anonymity, such COMPROMISE as happens in the middle? One cannot WIN from the middle, and Very Busy Apes need to win.

One must summon every ounce of poo that one can muster and bring it to the far end of the enclosure immediately. This contest is for the very soul of the enclosure.

At the very least, if you're going to stay in the middle, you might offer to help count turds.

This made me chuckle. Well put. But I’m not ready to pick up my fecal abacus just yet.

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gailsimone
Anonymous asked:

When it comes to Joe Rogan, I’m of two minds. On the one hand, he doesn’t really take responsibility for having a large platform that clearly reaches and influences a lot of people.

On the other, if you’re primarily getting your medical and political information from Joe Rogan podcasts, isn’t there a bit of personal responsibility that needs to be taken from the individual?

Neat?

I have no idea why this came up, but wealthy or not, influential or not, a doofus is still a doofus.

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Most people that criticize Rogan’s podcast have not taken the time to sit through the entire interview with any given controversial person. They’ve seen clips and excerpts on YouTube, or read articles from biased reviews that have predisposed opposition to whoever or whatever is being discussed. Listen to the whole interview with a guest of his that you actually like, and go from there. He gives platforms to everyone from every walk of life.

And what’s really interesting, is that almost all of the criticism leveled at Rogan comes from the hardcore lefties and the wokes.

He’s not a Republican or a Democrat. He’s a moderate, and that’s what bugs the lefties. He talks with the people that the lefties don’t deem acceptable one day, and then he talks with a liberal extremist that wants to abolish the US Military the next day.

Lefties get up in arms when he talks to Ben Shapiro. Joe had about a 20 minute disagreement with Ben over his stance on gay marriage, because Ben is fucking wrong about that topic. That doesn’t mean Joe is right about everything, and that every thought that Ben Shapiro puts out into the world is “toxic”. It means that educated, rational people can have discussions with people they don’t agree with, and still make positive headway.

There’s a reason he’s got the most popular podcast in the world, and it’s precisely the reason why the hardcore lefties don’t like him. And the hardcore lefties are pushing a lot of the moderates - which, by the way, is most of the country - towards conservative viewpoints. Most of the country is apolitical. We care about our kids, our jobs, and our own communities. Big political activism is not something most people I know or have even heard of have time to invest themselves in. So when a minority of the country is extremist and loud on the internet about who and what is and is not ok to discuss, it gets tuned out our ignored. Because engaging or disagreeing is obnoxious and time consuming.

The biggest political problem in our country is not that one side is evil. It’s that we don’t talk to one another and come to agreements any more, we just demonize anyone that doesn’t cow-tow to our personal views.

And yes, Rogan is a doofus. By his own admission.

Thank you, lovesines for further proving my point.

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docgold13
Anonymous asked:

man you are brave (or stupid) to answer asks about the intersection of race, religion and sexuality. That’s a lose/lose situation if there ever was one.

yeah?  well, I’m a psychotherapist living in the end times... lose-lose situations are pretty much my bread and butter.  

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Yep.

And the woke radical left that in no-way speaks for most of our country’s Democratic Party supporters has slowly dominated most forms of social media. And they are OUTRAGED when they find out that their exasperating crusades are doing nothing but driving everyone with sense and a life away in droves.

You’re right anon. Talking openly about sex, race, and religion in public forums like Tumblr has become a tricky business. If you and I don’t say the right words, and appease the right fringe groups of people, then we run the risk of being spammed by trolls, getting blocked and losing followers en masse. Not because the followers disagree with us, but because those followers are afraid of being associated with anyone that doesn’t toe the line of every popular young liberal talking point.

You know what happens when you step back and examine these political discussions without emotional investment? You notice the trends. The extremes of both the conservatives and the liberals are similar in exactly one regard: they don’t want free thought and expression, they want homogeny and power. They want all of their constituents to say and agree with all of the same things and elect the same people and support the same issues.

I have talked politics on this site on many occasions, and I have been criticized, blocked, and attacked exclusively by people ostensibly on the side of the radical left. I have been active on this site for 10 years or more. I have been exclusively liberal in my leanings and my political opinions. And yet I am frequently subject to criticism from extremists who accuse me of not being liberal enough.

The Doc is a solid dude, and a good artist. He’s also -in my estimation- far more vocally progressive than I am. And the Doc gets hate mail from Extreme Liberals more than anyone I know of. It is insane. It is farcical.

The extreme left has hurt the party I love and support more than anything the Republicans have ever managed to accomplish. Fuck you guys. Sit down, shut up, and help us fix the problems. Stop attacking anyone that doesn’t agree with you on every inane opinion you have.

Agreed.

It doesn’t bother me.  I’m all for people being passionate over their liberal, progressive ideals.  Sometimes it can come across as sanctimonious or even oppressive but that’s sort of part and parcel with online discourse.  

See? He’s solid dude. Seeing as how he’s a member of the tribe, I suppose I should call him a Mensch.

I know it doesn’t bother YOU, dude.

My point is that it hurts the overall cause, and it actively irritates me when issues I care about and support get mishandled and then marginalized because of the non-stop blather perpetuated by a minute percentage of the actual constituency.

It’s like a baseball player that only gets one at-bat a game, yet every time he gets to the plate, the fucking mascot delays the game for 40 minutes, and then that player winds up being associated with the mascot instead of his batting percentages.

That free state of CHAD shit was a perfect example. The idiots on the far left got exactly what they wanted, and it went to shit almost immediately. And that received National coverage.

If you live in a big city, you don’t realize how damaging that was. The democratic base is not college-educated 20somethings that are starting their careers. The democratic base is basically anyone that is making minimum wage or slightly better. Anyone that rides the bus. Or knows that the library is actually pretty awesome. That public schools are a blessing.

When the radicalism of my own party is the cause of a debacle resulting in multiple murders and the most liberal city in the country being forced to suppress violent protests... it hurts all of the people I just mentioned as being our base.

Because another trend I have noticed? The extreme left is predominantly white and from affluent backgrounds. It’s a bunch of bored, rich honky ass motherfuckers with sociology degrees competing to see who can be the most woke. And those collective dipshits are the reason people turn away from the Democratic Party.

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reblogged
Anonymous asked:

Sincere question, why do guys like you never tell the right wingers "to be better"? Seems like they're the ones that need to hear that or both sides.

I do my best, but right wingers don’t follow my blog or use social media like we do. Right wing tumblrs are basically Nazis, so I try to stay the fuck away.

I am a firm believer in the concept of showing not telling. If we continuously show a compassionate and understanding front, I think the results will be better than outright combat and argument.

I want a better world for my kid. I live in Missouri, which is a solidly republican state. I could very easily think of my neighbors as villains and racists. But they’re not. They are people that the Democrats have continuously failed to connect with.

I hate what Donald Trump has done to our country. I hate it. Because he has divided us like no other person in our history. The only path I see forward is for us to talk more with each other.

We have had 4 years of Republican rule. I don’t try to convince them to “be better” because we have seen that they are incapable. The Republican Economic policy of “Trickle Down Economics” has continuously failed since its inception. That’s because the media has hammered on the idea that the middle class wants to redistribute the wealth of America. The American Dream is real. It is attainable. But it’s a HARD get. Trickle Down Economics functions on the idea that those who clawed their way to the top want to help the next generation have an easier path to success. That’s a psychological fallacy. Man’s nature is not altruism. It is competition.

That sword cuts both ways. Communism and Socialist policies fail in the US because we are a competitive people. It drives our innovation. It drives our success. Telling the most successful amongst us to be happy with less discourages achievement. Telling Michael Jordan to give back 1 of his NBA Championship rings to make the rest of the league better is -on paper- objectively a good idea. But it results in less people wanting to be Michael Jordan.

The way forward is -in my opinion- compassion and compromise. Not condemnation and punitive actions.

All things being equal, the Republicans get votes by scaring their constituents about what could happen. The Democrats get votes by giving their constituents options about what could happen.

The Democratic party is, essentially, hopeful.

I want to appeal to that ideal.

Let’s take the high road. Let’s Be Better.

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reblogged

complete original artwork for Antonio Prohias’ Spy Vs. Spy feature that was published in MAD, Vol. 1 # 107.

Antonio Prohias was a political refugee from Cuba. When Castro took over, he fled to the United States and continued his subversive work in a more open-minded environment. I did not know that. The guy that created, wrote, and drew all of Spy Vs. Spy was a political refugee from Cuba. Kinda cool, right?

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prince-atom

The Morse code along the bottom of the header image reads “By Prohias” even on strips produced by other writers and artists after he retired.

The larger culture induced me to root for the White Spy when I was younger, but they’re both ruthless, awful dipshits who deserve everything they ever got.

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complete original artwork for Antonio Prohias’ Spy Vs. Spy feature that was published in MAD, Vol. 1 # 107.

Antonio Prohias was a political refugee from Cuba. When Castro took over, he fled to the United States and continued his subversive work in a more open-minded environment. I did not know that. The guy that created, wrote, and drew all of Spy Vs. Spy was a political refugee from Cuba. Kinda cool, right?

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reblogged

Republicans are obsessed with controlling and disrespecting women. Misogyny is at the root of most of their rhetoric.

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imthenic

Republicans are amoral

Radical Republicans are as rare as Radical Liberals, and neither side represents the main stream.

The Republican Congress has two options: Support Trump or Lose their Jobs. The Democrats have two options: Oppose everything Trump or Lose their Jobs. Trump just sits around stirring the pot and staying in power.

The point I am making is simple: Trump is not a Republican. Trump is a narcissist that is wildly misinformed because he relies entirely upon Fox News for his information. He is an ignorant, narcissistic, racist old buffoon. But he is not a republican.

And condemning half the population of our country for having a different political view point is not helpful to us as a nation. Fight the real fight. Don’t blame the clothing of the enemy. Blame the enemy.

Republicans are my enemy. As a gender non-conforming, pansexual, Latinx I am everything they seek to destroy and hurt and demolish. When I exist their reaction is to make laws that ban me from existing safely, protecting my country if I so desired, adopting children with a same sex partner in the future, and on top of all of that they want to rip me away from my family as well as make laws that make it easier to put me in prison than any white person. And the vice president literally is a republican, who thinks I should be torn away from my home, strapped into isolation, self hatred, and torture because he doesn’t understand I can love a person with the same genitalia as me. Republicans are my enemy. They made that decision. And I have to fight that decision because if I don’t then I will be tortured, harmed, persecuted (more so than now), and I will lose all of my family and be stripped of everything that makes me who I am. And I will not be the only one. They want to make me not exist, or exist in a fashion that they control and are above me. So you’re god damn right that Republicans are my fucking enemy.  

I hate this aspect of tumblr, and I’m gonna be using Instagram a lot more going forward, but OK, here we go.

Right off the bat, I am gonna go ahead and guess that you are either in College or in your Early 20s. I am guessing that because your entire identity is based around your sexuality and your gender identity, as well as your race.

You started your rebuttal by identifying as “gender non-conforming, pansexual, and Latinx”. Those things are not political view points. They are not political talking points. Those are aspects of who you are. And who are you is a beautiful human being. I am not attacking any of your identifying descriptors in any way.

The crux of what you said is that your existence is everything the Republican Party seeks to destroy. OK, let’s talk about that. How many Republicans do you know? How many of your friends work blue collar/hard hat jobs, belong to Unions, and vote Republican? How many?

I am 35, I live in Missouri, and I am a life-long Democrat. I vote Democrat across board. Missouri is about as Republican as it gets. Every farmer out here flies Trump flags on their tractors. Because they believe his bullshit. They believe him because he makes them believe he cares about them.

Trump lied to Middle America. Trump probably committed treason. Trump should probably be impeached and imprisoned. But he won more Counties than Hillary. And he did it by doing EXACTLY what you are doing in your post. He demonized his opponent and whipped up public fervor against his opponent. He ignored facts. He ignored rational political discourse and went the populist route. And it worked.

So, if you take nothing else from my response, take this: People will only listen to you if they think you are saying something of value to them. People will only think your point of view is valid if it is a part of their existing views.

You will NEVER convince anyone except people who already agree with you unless you are willing to listen to their views as well.

So your fiery rhetoric about how Republicans are the enemy is great. But you’re only appealing to people who already agree with you. And Trump already won the election. We flipped the House, which was a great start. If you want to flip the Senate, you’re gonna have to do better than appealing to people who already listen to you.

My neighbors out here all live far away from me. They live in trailers and small brick houses. They have old tractors, old fences, and new cattle every spring. They’re Republicans. And they are good people. I spent Christmas Day bringing firewood and Deer Meat to my Neighbors. And every one of them gave me a huge hug.

If you want to appeal to Republicans, you should probably start by not calling them evil or your enemy. Last I heard, Democratic Party and the Liberal Movement in general is about acceptance for everyone.

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reblogged

that Spiegel editorial got it right on the head. Trump is too chaotic to effect lasting change. His Shitgibbonry has become the norm, and every example he provides just further stirs outrage. And the energy put into that outrage would be better channeled by encouraging people to flip Congress, the House, and as many Governors as possible to the Democrats. The DNC does not inspire much confidence in me these days, but a united front against the shitgibbon is more useful than daily outrage.

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I think it’s both. Outrage is not enough, but if we lose our outrage we risk normalization – especially in the face of the daily (hourly?) onslaught of shitgibbonry. We can’t sustain outrage forever, or even constantly – but I dare not give it up, because it is outrage that allows (even demands) that we stand up and point and say “THAT IS WRONG-HEADED SHIT! DO BETTER!” So, yeah, sometimes you’ve got to pass the baton and let another do the yelling, just so you can save your voice. But if we lose our outrage at this situation – this situation in its *entirety* – then I fear we’re in grave danger of sliding towards acceptance. And if we take that pill, we’re never coming back.

The DNC does not inspire confidence in me, either. But I’ll take what I’ve got to oppose the pasty-faced hair-gluer. 

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The lasting damage Trump will do is not his policies, but the precedents he sets. Can the president just ignore the judicial branch whenever he feels like it? Should the presidents twitter be considered an official channel for international diplomacy? Is his twitter “on the record?” Does the president actually have to do any of the things he says he’s going to do, or do we just follow the general “gist” of what he’s talking about? Is the gist of his statements admissible in court? Is Russia allowed to decide the victor of foreign elections from now on? These are v. serious questions.

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laurarolla

An added impact Trump has:  He’ll make the next attempted fascist takeover of the US look much more appealing by comparison, and he’s already showing us just how many of the Nazi pricks are hyped up to grab onto anyone and anything that might get them the power they desire.

My point is not to ignore Trump’s shitgibbonry.

I dont think it is possible to ignore Trump.

My point is that if the focus is shifted to flipping every other branch of Government to the DNC, while making sure that the Republicans wear Trump like an Albatross going forward, things can start to move in a more positive direction.

I expect Trump to act like an ass. I expect him to be horribly devious and woefully unqualified. AND TRUMP IS THE BEST THE REPUBLICANS HAVE GOT. That’s the key. As awful as he is, he won the nomination. And he can drag the party with him back to the stoneage of the narrative of this presidency is handled correctly by the media and the DNC. Trump can be a precedent setter for future and (possibly?) worse candidates, or he can be the head on a pike outside of Capital Hill, set as a warning against further assholery.

I say we buckle up for 3 more years of Trump, and fight him at every turn by voting against everything he does that can be voted against, and especially by ensuring that every other aspect of the Government - from local to state to the Senate and Congress, is as strongly opposed to Trump and the RNC as possible. And in 3 years, all that will need to be said is “Isn’t everyone tired of living with a Republican asshole in office? Isn’t everyone tired of Racist old white guys?”

And whatever the Republicans do, just bring it back to Trump. Hang him like an albatross around the necks of the worst parts of our country, because that’s who put him in power in the first place. Use him as a warning, instead of allowing him to use us as a platform.

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reblogged

I am gonna come right out and say it: I don’t think Trump is gonna get impeached. It’s gonna keep going on and on for at least the rest of the year, and he’s gonna skate away. And what’s worse is that the democrats are gonna be spending all our time and money on a case that should be right, and i understand... but it’s not gonna work. Imagine if instead of trying to impeach that Shitbird, the democrats just got their act together and mobilized the resistance. Use Trump’s idiotic reign of dumbassery as a flag to rally the country. Use Trump as a figurehead.

The biggest truth that’s become apparent over the past year is that Trump is woefully and embarassingly out of his depth. And Trump is the best the Republicans can do. Use him as an example. Tie Trump’s four years around the collective neck of the Republican Party like a fucking albatross.

Trump has skated through soooo much bullshit in his business dealings. He should have gone to jail numerous times, and yet now he’s the president. Use that tangerine twit as an albatross. Use him, don’t waste time trying to depose him. Prove that the Democrats are smarter. Please.

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stoweboyd

An Algorithmic Political Geography Of The USA

Anyone interested in geographic economics and regionalism will find this new study from Garrett Dash Nelson and Alasdair Rae fascinating. The authors used an algorithmic approach to identify the megaregions of the US based on commute data. It demonstrates that in almost all areas of the country, the current political borders are not a good reflection of the economic interests of the inhabitants.

Garrett Dash Nelson and Alasdair Rae, An Economic Geography of the United States: From Commutes to Megaregions
The emergence in the United States of large-scale “megaregions” centered on major metropolitan areas is a phenomenon often taken for granted in both scholarly studies and popular accounts of contemporary economic geography. This paper uses a data set of more than 4,000,000 commuter flows as the basis for an empirical approach to the identification of such megaregions. We compare a method which uses a visual heuristic for understanding areal aggregation to a method which uses a computational partitioning algorithm, and we reflect upon the strengths and limitations of both. We discuss how choices about input parameters and scale of analysis can lead to different results, and stress the importance of comparing computational results with “common sense” interpretations of geographic coherence. The results provide a new perspective on the functional economic geography of the United States from a megaregion perspective, and shed light on the old geographic problem of the division of space into areal units.

Note the NYC region – where I live – where the political boundary between NY state and New Jersey (and a speck of Pennsylvania) are shown to be irrelevant, and in fact, problematic: consider Governor Christie’s blocking the construction of new tunnels from NJ to NYC, for example. 

The NY-Connecticut border stands out as one of the few borders that show up algorithmically, which the authors suggest indicates some border-related economic barrier to commuting: perhaps the NYC tax system, where those that commute to work in NYC have to pay city taxes as well as to the state?

Also note that the High Plains lack enough commute data to warrant even a name on their new partitioning.

In a perfect future world, political boundaries would be fluid, not fixed. The residents of the NYC region, for example, would have an equal voice in issues that affect them equally, and those outside the region – like those in the new megaregions of Upstate NY and Philly – would have little say. 

The longer that old political boundaries persist – reflecting dictates of long-dead kings, or the expansion west a hundred years ago or more – the greater the societal costs for their inflexibility and their mismatch with actual economic reality. 

I’d like to see the analysis carried out at a finer granularity, so that the ‘counties’ and ‘cities’ of the new ‘state’ of New York City could be determined in the same way, as opposed to political considerations of decades or centuries ago. 

One last observation: handing over the political geography to an algorithm will likely be a political plank in future elections, taking away the lever of gerrymandering based on political parties, and determining voting districts based on human activity and connection. 

I don’t want to rehash the recent presidential elections, but I wonder how these regions would have voted, and what allocation of electoral votes they would have had. Don’t you?

beautiful work

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