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Is this a fossil?

@tooth-repellant / tooth-repellant.tumblr.com

Paleontology undergrad, amateur fossil collector, I'm going to be posting photos of fossils I've collected in the Badlands of Alberta, along with other cool and interesting paleontological stuff. If I've misidentified anything please correct me.
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A ceratopsian scapula sticking out of the hill. Though most of the scapula is covered, you can make out the outline where the fossil has broken and some broken fragments on the far left.

This is in the Horsetheif member of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (71.5-71 mya). Three Ceratopsians occupy this temporal and geographic range: Anchiceratops ornatus, Arrhinoceratops brachyops, and Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis. The stratigraphic range of Ar. brachyopsis inferred to encompass the entire member, though skeletal material has yet to be recovered in the lower half of the member (Ebreth et al. 2013), which is where scapula is located. Therefore the specimen likely belongs to either An. ornatus or P. canadensis. 

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Tibia: Edmontosaurus regalis is the only known hadrosaur from the Horsetheif Member

Dromaeosaur tooth: both velociraptorinae and dromaeosaurinae are known in the formation, only the former has described at the species level (Atrociraptor marshalli). This tooth however appears to be a dromaeosaurine tooth.

Tyrannosaur tooth: Albertosaurus sarcophagus is the only known tyrannosaur from the formation. This is one of the first maxillary teeth as the anterior serrations curve strongly to the lateral-posterior. The photo doesn’t show it though as the posterior serrations are on the underside.

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the-merbeast

Day 11: Pachycephalosaurus, “thick-headed lizard”

The owner of this fine dome was the largest known pachycephalosaur, who lived in Cretaceous western U.S. Pachys were one of the last non-avian dinosaurs before the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (asteroid impact/extreme climate change), thus..no fluffs! Pachycephalosaurus is one of the many exciting dinosaurs found from the famous Hell Creek Formation in the western U.S.

Fun Fact: You may think that Pachys head-butted each others’ heads like big horn rams do today. NOPE. Paleobiologists now think that these domey dudes instead head-butted each others’ bodies in a behavior called flank-butting. Either way… ow.

Drawing based off skull photo found on trieboldpaleontology.com.

Just to play devils advocate..

Peterson et al. (2013) argue for the head butting hypothesis based on the presence of pathologies (osteomyelitic lesions) in over 1/5 of all surveyed frontoparietals (the dome) (n=109 over 14 species). Flank butting would be expected to produce relatively few injuries as the contact would be on the muscular surfaces. 

But, as everything in science this is just one view in a field of others. Some paleontologists will argue the bone structure in the dome is unsuitable for such impacts and argue the dome was only used for display. Every theory you hear in the media has a group of researches who disagree and argue otherwise.

I also really like Pachycephalosaurs

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Now I’m not 100% on this one so if anyone has another opinion on what this is I’d love to hear it. That being said my best guess is it’s MT II from the left pes of a hadrosaur. This was collected low in the Horsetheif Member (~71.5-71 Ma) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (~72.5-66.9 Ma), several meters (and probably the same strata) from the ankylosaur tooth I just posted. The only known hadrosaur from the member is Edmontosaurus regalis, though I have found at least one lambeosaurian tooth in the same member. 

(Top) Field collection. This is the undisturbed specimen before collection. Photo was taken while I was using my ghetto GPS to get the UTM coordinates. In sequence: anterior, medial, posterior, lateral

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So I got accepted into the Paleontology field school at uni and I get to work with DR. PHILL CURRIE!!!!!!!!!!! We’re going to be working in the Danek Bonebed (Edmontosaurus) here in Edmonton for three whole weeks. I’m so stoked!! *Fan girls inside*

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I’ve already posted these before but they were lumped in with the rest of my tyrannosaur teeth. I felt they deserved their own shots. Top: Tyrannosaur tooth from the Horsetheif Member of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation. The only Tyrannosaur described from the formation is Albertosaurus, though tyrannosaur teeth are not diagnostic at the genus level. Middle: The anterior serrations of the tooth from the above photo. Bottom: Tyrannosaur tooth from the Dinosaur Park Formation. Two tyrannosaurs are known from this formation: Daspletosaurus and Gorgosaurus.  

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Two views of a lambeosaurian (hadrosaur) tooth. They are diagnostic from saurolophinae by the presence of denticles running down the sides of the teeth. Currently no saurolophinae hadrosaurs have been described from the member, though Hypacrosaurus has been described in younger members of the formation. From the Horsetheif Member of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Campanian). This is also from the same location as the nodosaur tooth I posted a few days ago.

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