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#japanese resources – @tokidokitokyo on Tumblr
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Tokidoki Tokyo

@tokidokitokyo / tokidokitokyo.tumblr.com

日本語☆Japanese & Japan Things☆tracking #looktoki
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ohagiyo

What I use to learn 日本語! I'll be updating this as I go! So make sure to check in sometime! ദ്ദി(ᵔᗜᵔ) (Incomplete!!)

Apps!

  • Renshuu - Adjustable plan, has flashcards, games, guides, and an interactive community! Overall really simple to use and so fun!
  • Busuu - Full of ads but has helpful information and an interactive community, no flashcards though.
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reblogged

Hello Hello!

I've been seeing a few posts about people not knowing what to do after doing hiragana, katakana and some kanji, so I'm going to give some of the things that gave me a guideline to work with!

First off is Tofugu!

Tofugu has a lot of resources and even their own podcast you can listen to, where they talk about experiences (like the jet program), along with words and grammar, when to use them and what to use instead!

But what I'm focusing on is their ridiculously detailed guide to learning japanese! go have a read if your struggling! like they say "raise the floor before you raise the roof!"

Next is Renshuu!

Renshuu has decks you can choose from, be it genki vocab to grammar or N5 and up! they do have decks they recommend at the beginning like Japanese basics which they call N6. (don't be like me and skip it if your a beginner. I went straight to N5 but I'm struggling with the grammar since they are using words i skipped.)

They also have a leveling system where you can evolve your own renshuu for every few levels you've passed! there are also crosswords, mini games and more to make learning japanese more enjoyable!

If anyone has other things they want to add feel free to do so!

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dokushoclub

The middle of September is the time for the Japanese tradition of moon viewing. It's said that the September moon is especially pretty and round in Japan and of course there are some delicious related foods for the occasion as well.

I've gathered some articles and blog posts about 月見(つきみ)that were written for learners of Japanese in simple language. Most of these stories have a reading level fitting for JLPT N5 and N4 readers. If you are interested in learning about the traditions in Japanese, have a look - all texts are freely available online!

The Japan Foundation Kansai

This text is 8 pages long, graded as A2 and is available as a direct PDF download through the link below.

Hirogaru Nihongo

Hirogaru Nihongo's article is only a few sentences short, but they also include a video on Tsukimidango and there's a reading comprehension quiz at the end.

Meika Sensei's Blog

Meika Sensei's blog for beginner readers has short, simple sentences that each add a bit more information. There is also a version for intermediate readers.

Nihongoschool Nihongoblog

The blog post by Kazue Ono has two parts, one aimed at beginners and one for intermediate readers. It's a good practice to start with the beginner text and then try and read the more difficult one as well.

Matcha Magazine

Honorable mention for Matcha Magazine: Their article isn't only for Tsukimi, but all Japanese traditions and celebrations taking place from September to November. Their articles include some translations in the main text to help with following along.

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inkichan

いろどり · irodori - Japanese for life in Japan

(⁠。⁠•̀⁠ᴗ⁠-⁠)⁠✧ resources

IRODORI is a useful website made by The Japan Foundation. It is a series of 3 textbooks, with audios and materials completely free, focusing on developing skills useful for life in Japan.

Whether you are planning to come to Japan in the future and want to learn what you should be able to do before you arrive, or whether you are already living in Japan and wish to check your Japanese ability and increase the number of things you can do, we sincerely hope that this textbook will help you achieve your goals. - "what is irodori" website page.

The textbooks are super organized, divided in: starter (A1), elementary 1 and elementary 2. Finishing elementary 2 means having an A2 level [At A2 level, you can hold short, basic everyday conversations on familiar topics.]

I recommend styling your learning method with the goal you have in mind. You can understand more about it reading the post I made.

Hope it was helpful! Let me know and let's share resources~

またね~@inkichan

꒰ა ˚₊ ✧・┈・╴﹕꒰ ᐢ。- ༝ -。ᐢ ꒱﹕╴・┈・𐑺 ‧₊˚໒꒱

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uwublr

Pine's Ridiculously Long List of Free Japanese Study Materials

First Month Edition

All my current study materials, because sharing found resources is caring. These are not JLPT-specific and are for pre-beginners to beginners like me. I can't believe I have been studying for a month. Comparison is truly the thief of joy. I am a slow learner, but that's okay. Find a community because it truly does make a difference. Shoutout to Seitokai's Nihongo Discord, and to @tokidokitokyo whose post let me know about it and is just overall a great person too.

Main study material: Marugoto Online A1 Self-Study Kastudoo and Rikai with downloaded PDF and Wordbook (my original post about it)

Supplemental references:

  • A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar (The only NOT free resource in this list, sorry! The e-book sold on Amazon does not have good reviews as it's a scanned copy of the book, rather than a properly formatted e-book. A free alternative to this is JapBase which also contains Intermediate and Advanced content.)
  • Marugoto Plus which accompanies the Marugoto courses and includes videos, audio files, etc.

Apps: Anki, Renshuu

Anki decks:

Dictionaries:

  • Rikaitan browser extension (installed JMDict English V4, JMExtra, 日本語文法辞典(全集), and Kanjium)
  • Takoboto app (with offline access)

Other resources:

  • Sukiruma for practice writing sheets
  • Reader Ttsu for reading Japanese materials on a browser (used in conjunction with Rikaitan, since I couldn't find an e-book reader that I can install a Japanese dictionary in)
  • Sousakuba for downloadable genkouyoushi without watermarks

Youtube:

Favorites marked with a ⭐️.

  • Comprehensible Input for what it says on the tin, in bite-size formats
  • Daily Japanese with Naoko for vlogs with Japanese subtitles
  • Dogen for the funny videos that you can learn from and/or relate to
  • Game Gengo because Japanese learning through games, and has JLPT geared content if you're looking for it
  • Gino Kei who has shorts teaching Japanese in a not so serious way
  • Hiro - Food in Japan for cooking videos, not in Japanese, but these make me crave for Japanese food anyway so that counts
  • ⭐️ Japan Eat for Japanese food commentary in English and also makes me hungry. So, yeah, not in 日本語 but it's delicious so that also counts
  • Japanese Koro mostly for kana reading practice which actually helps you get short serotonin boosts for when you do actually get to read the words correctly
  • Japanese Quest which plays games in Japanese
  • ⭐️ Japarrot! for fun, animated comprehensible input videos
  • Let's ask Shogo for culture content
  • ⭐️⭐️⭐️ Matcha Samurai for delightfully unhinged culture content, debunking Japanese misconceptions one video at a time
  • Namba Tsuyoshi for no narration Japanese walk with me style vlogs, very chill and relaxing
  • ⭐️ NihongoDekita with Sayaka for fun, short grammar content
  • ShekMatz Japan has videos/playlists where she teaches Japanese in Tagalog, so if you can't understand Tagalog, you'd better skip it
  • Sora The Troll because why not
  • ⭐️ Takashii from Japan is honestly one of my favorites, even before I started learning Japanese. His interviews are just really good!
  • Taro's Sewing because my toxic trait is thinking I can sew the cool things they post. Also comes with short Japanese commentary on screen
  • Tokyo Lens counts as uh, immersion even if it's not in Japanese, but it's in Japan so that counts? Yeah, let's go with that
  • もしもしようすけ for Japan vlogs/walk with me with Japanese and English subtitles
  • Yomii Japan Piano if you like piano and the occasional trolling
  • Japanese Calligrapher Takumi because my other toxic trait is thinking I can write this beautifully
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matcha-s

- I decided to say screw it all and slap down my current resources bc it’s getting out of hand (✿ᵒᵕᵒ) - bolded are my faves - my tagalog resources

頑張りましょう!

DICTIONARIES

KANJI

GRAMMAR

JLPT

LEARNING

♡  READING/ LISTENING / WATCHING

REFERENCES

VOCABULARY

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jibunstudies
Anonymous asked:

hello there! i would like to ask if you know any sites where i can practice reading japanese? like news sites, manga sites, or sites that offer free e-books that are in japanese. and are there any japanese podcasts that i can listen to? thank you in advance for answering this question. it'd mean a whole to me!

Hey there! There are actually quite a few recommended sites for Japanese learners, so I’ll link them right now :)

  • Japanese IO – I’ve used this site quite a few times and I love the interface! The design is really sleek and “to the point,” so there’s no distractions from what you’re trying to do, which is practice reading Japanese. It also has a great library and look-up feature.
  • 朝日学生新聞社 – This is the “kid’s version” of the more adult 朝日新聞社. If you don’t feel that you’re quite up for the adult version, test out the version geared towards kids. They have fewer articles, but there’s plenty for a learner to pick through.
  • NHK NEWS EASY – I’m almost positive this is one of the most famous ones for learners. It’s similar to Asahi’s kid newspaper – articles are condensed with easier kanji and vocabulary, and it’s geared towards children, so learners can spend some time combing through updated articles and testing their skills.
  • Yahoo! Kids – More short news articles geared towards easier-to-understand Japanese.
  • MATCHA – A fun magazine similar in style to NHK EZ.
  • Watanoc – Another magazine-type site with a variety of articles.
  • Traditional Japanese Stories – Get your hands on some easily printed Japanese stories that are told to children. Great for language skills and culture! Similar to English pop culture stories (like Cinderella and so on), Japan has its own fairytales that are occasionally referenced.
  • Fuku Musume’s Fairy Tale Collection – More stories!
  • World of チョコチョコ – These are beginner stories, but as you progress you can read other stories on this website.
  • EhonNavi – Read hundreds of Japanese picture books for free!

If you’re looking for more advanced content…

I also highly recommend starting a Twitter (if you don’t already have one) and following Japanese accounts. I follow a lot of feminist and political accounts so that I’m learning words relevant to my interests, as well as interacting with people that are discussing topics of interest to me (i.e. women and their place in Japanese society).

If you’re curious, you can find me on Twitter at @sydney0313 :)

I hope this list proves useful to you! (And others.)

頑張ってください!

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reblogged

🏇Particles🐎

Case markers (格助詞 kaku-joshi) が、の、を、に、へ、と、で、から、より

Parallel markers (並立助詞 heiritsu-joshi) か、の、や、に、と、やら、なり、だの

Sentence ending particles (終助詞 shū-joshi) か、の、や、な、わ、とも、かしら

Interjectory particles (間投助詞 kantō-joshi) さ、よ、ね

Adverbial particles (副助詞 fuku-joshi) ばかり、まで、だけ、ほど、くらい、など、なり、やら

Binding particles (係助詞 kakari-joshi) は、も、こそ、でも、しか、さえ、だに

Conjunctive particles (接続助詞 setsuzoku-joshi) ば、や、が、て、のに、ので、から、ところが、けれども

Phrasal particles (準体助詞 juntai-joshi) の、から

————————————————————– Basic Particles

at, by means of

Jitensha de ikimashō. 自転車で行きましょう。 Let’s go by bicycle.

Koko de yasumitai. ここで休みたい。 I want to rest here.

Nihongo de tegami o kaita. 日本語で手紙を書いた。 I wrote the letter in Japanese.

kimi ga suki de yokatta. 君が好きでよかった。 You are loved (and so) I am glad. / I am glad that I love you.

でも even, or, but, however, also in

Uchū kara de mo Banri-no-Chōjō ga mieru. 宇宙からでも万里の長城が見える。 Even from space you can see the Great Wall of China.

Ocha de mo, ikaga? お茶でも、いかが? Would you like tea or something?

Nihon de mo eigo o benkyō suru 日本でも英語を勉強する。 In Japan also, we study English.

De mo, watashi wa sō omowanai. でも、私はそう思わない。 But I don’t think so.

to, in [direction]

Nihon e yōkoso! 日本へようこそ! Welcome to Japan!

[identifier], is (the thing that ___.), but

Neko ga esa o tabeta. 猫が餌を食べた。 The cat ate the catfood. [Answers:“What ate the catfood?”]

Inu ga suki. 犬が好き。 I like dogs.

wa ga kuni 我が国 my/our country (我= I, me, my)

Fujimi ga Oka 富士見が丘 Fuji View Hill [が=noun connector]

Seki ga hara 関が原 Gateway Plains [が=noun connector]

Inu wa suki da ga, neko wa kirai da. 犬は好きだが、猫は嫌いだ。 I like dogs but I hate cats. [conjuction- connects 2 phrases/words together]

question, doubt, whether(dō ka- whether or not), conjunction

Kore ka, sore ka, docchika erande yo. これか、それか、どっちか選んでよ。 This or that, choose one of them.

Iku ka [dō ka] wakaranai. 行くか(どうか)分からない。 I don’t know [whether or not / if] he’ll go.

Dokoka de mita koto ga aru. どこかで見たことがある。 I think I’ve seen you somewhere before. (You look familiar)

Wakaru ka? 分かるか?Do you understand? (informal)

Eigo nante wakaru ka! 英語なんて分かるか! Why the heck would I understand English? (informal)

Sate, dekake yō ka? さて、出かけようか? Right then, shall we leave?

Iku ka to omoimasu ga… 行くかと思いますが。。。 I think he’ll go (but I’m not sure)…

[interjection] eh?, hey, huh?

Kimi wa kashikoi yo ne. 君は賢いよね。 You’re pretty smart, aren’t you.

Kakkō ii desu ne. 格好いいですね。 That’s pretty neat, eh?

Ne, ima nanji? ね、いま何時? Hey, what time is it?

to, in, at, by, [indirect object], direction, -ly Following a na-adjective, it creates an adverb

Gakkō ni iru. 学校にいる。 I’m at/in school.

Gakkō ni iku. 学校に行く。 I’m going to school.

Ore ni kaese. 俺に返せ。 Give it back to me.

Ka ni sasareta. 蚊にさされた。 I was bitten by a mosquito.

Eiga o mi ni iku. 映画を見に行く。 I’m going to see a movie.

teinei, teinei ni 丁寧、 丁寧に polite, politely

[possession], noun link, topic marker

先生の車 the teacher’s car

私のコンピューター My computer

anata no shukudai あなたの宿題 Your homework

車のトヨタ Toyota the car

Kare no tsukutta kēki wa oishikatta. 彼の作ったケーキはおいしかった。 The cake that he made was tasty.

Yasui no wa, kore. 安いのは、これ。 This is the cheap[er] one.

食べるのが大好き。 I love eating.

もう、食べたの? Have you eaten yet?

車なの? Is it a car?

Kare ni mō ageta no yo! 彼にもうあげたのよ! I already gave it to him!

[direct object], through, from, past (motion verbs)

Neko ga esa o tabeta. 猫が餌を食べた。The cat ate the food.

Sora o tobu 空を飛ぶ Fly through the sky

と and, with, as with [preposition], if, quotation

それとこれ that and this

それとこれと that or this

Taiyōkei dasshutsu e to chikazuite itta. 太陽系脱出へと近づいて行った。 They were getting close to the point of leaving the Solar System.

僕と行きたい? Do you want to go with me?

勉強すると分かる。 If you study, you’ll understand.

Umi made! to sakenda. 「海まで!」と叫んだ。 “To the sea!” he cried.

[Topic marker]

Used to make an incomplete list of things [usually nouns].

私の好きな食べ物はお菓子やパンやミカンなどです。(okashiお菓子=snacks). “I like snacks, bread and tangerines.”

Makes assertions, Goes at the end of a sentence. Sometimes used after nouns, as a vocative marker, often used in older speech, poetry, and songs.

Kaeru yo! 帰るよ! I’m going home!

Saraba, tomo yo. さらば友よ。 Farewell, oh friend!

かな I wonder

Kare wa ayashii hito ka na. 彼は怪しい人かな。 I wonder if he’s a suspicious person.

から from, after, because [Kara may be followed by の to link two nouns.]

Tōkyō kara kaetta. 東京から帰った。 He returned from Tokyo.

zutto mae kara no hanashi ずっと前からの話 a conversation from way back

Owatte kara, kite kudasai. 終わってから、来てください。 Please come by after finishing (after you’ve finished).

Niku o tabenai kara, raamen wa dame da 肉を食べないから、ラーメンはだめだ。 Because he doesn’t eat meat, ramen is bad (a bad idea).

かしら [Like かな, but is used more by women.]

Kare wa ayashii hito ka shira. 彼は怪しい人かしら。 I wonder if he’s a suspicious person.

けど although, but, [short v of けれど/ けども]

Kanojo wa hen da kedo kirei da. 彼女は変だけどきれいだ。 She is strange but pretty.

———————————————————————-

Particle Contrast

はvが は is the topic, while が is the subject.

は gives focus to the action of the sentence- to the verb or adjective, while が gives focus to the subject of the action.  

は is used to declare/ make a statement. が is used for new information, or asking for new information.

にvで Both used to show location in English, their uses are mutually exclusive.

に is used with stative verbs [いる, ある, すむ(to live, inhabit)]. で is used with action verbs to convey the place of action. Gakkō-ni neru. 学校で寝る。 I sleep in/at school. (Gakkō-ni neru/ I sleep to school. is incorrect.)

にvへ Both mean to or at. へ is like ‘towards’.

Gakkō e iku. 学校に行く。 I’m going to school. Gakkō ni iru. 学校にいる。 I’m at school.

友達に会う。I’ll meet my friends. (Incorrect: 友達へ会う。 I’ll meet to my friends.) “Meet” is not a verb of motion, so it’s impossible.

がvを Some cases, they are interchangeable, like with the -tai form.

ご飯が食べたい。 Gohan ga tabetai. I want to eat rice. ご飯を食べたい。 Gohan o tabetai. I want to eat rice.

好き (a な-adj) can take either が or を. 君が好きだ。 Kimi ga suki da. I like you. 君を好きでよかった。 Kimi o suki de yokatta. I’m glad I like you.

にvと [Sometimes interchangeable, like になる and となる]. になる suggests a natural change, whereas となる suggests change to a final stage.

やvと や - used for incomplete lists. と - used for complete lists.

—————————————————————-

ばかり (許り) just, only, full of Tōkyō wa hito bakari da. 東京は人ばかりだ。 Tokyo is just full of people.

Tabeta bakari da. 食べたばかりだ。 I just ate.

Kare wa tabete bakari iru. 彼は食べてばかりいる。 He’s always eating.

ばかりか (許りか) not only, さえ(but also)= 許りかさえ

Sofu bakari ka, sōsofu sae ikite iru. 祖父ばかりか、曽祖父さえ生きている。 Not only is my grandfather living, but so is my great-grandfather.

ばかし (許し) only/ bakashi is another form of bakari.

だけ (丈) only, just, merely [noun] お忘れになっただけかと思いました。 You might have just forgotten.

Rōmaji dake no jisho. ローマ字だけの辞書 a rōmaji-only dictionary

Netai dake nereba ii. 寝たいだけ寝ればいい。 You can sleep as much as you want [to sleep].

だの and, things like This particle is used far less frequently than to ka. Often has negative connotations.

Nattō da no, shīfūdo da no, wasabi da no—nihonshoku ga nigate da. 納豆だの、シーフードだの、わさびだの—日本食が苦手だ。 Natto, seafood, wasabi—Japanese food isn’t my thing.

どころか (所か) anything but, far from

Kare wa keisatsukan dokoro ka, hanzaisha da. 彼は警察官どころか、犯罪者だ。 He’s anything but a policeman; he’s a criminal.

ほど (程) as much as, upper limit

Kare hodo nihongo ga umakunai. 彼ほど日本語がうまくない。 My Japanese isn’t as good as his.

Hayai hodo ii. 早いほどいい。 The sooner, the better.

Aitsu o koroshitai hodo kirai da. あいつを殺したいほど嫌いだ。 I hate him enough to want to kill him.

かい gentle/masculine variant of the question marker ka.

きり (切り) just, only, less used than だけ, Functions as a noun and may be followed by の.

futari kiri no o-mise 二人きりのお店 a shop with just two people [who work there]

っけ What (was it, again?) [Similar to か but recalling for info. of what you used to know.]

Nani wo iou to shiteta no da kke. 何を言おうとしてたのだっけ。 What we’re you trying to say, again?

koro/goro ごろ (頃) around, approximately [Functions as a noun and may be followed by の.]

こそ [emphasis marker] precisely, exactly

Kyō koso, yaru zo! 今日こそ、やるぞ! Today, I’m going to do it!

Kimi ga suki da kara koso kore dake ganbatte iru n da yo. 君が好きだからこそこれだけがんばっているんだよ。 It’s precisely because I like you that I’m working this hard.

Kochira koso, yoroshiku onegai shimasu. こちらこそ、よろしくお願いします。 Nice to meet you, too. (Emphasizes this side or me too)

くらいぐらい (位) about, approximately [noun; may be followed by の.]

Juppun kurai kakaru 十分くらいかかる。It takes about 10 minutes.

まで (迄) up to, until, as far as

Kono densha wa, Shimonoseki made ikimasu. この電車は、下関まで行きます。 This train goes as far as Shimonoseki.

までに (迄に) by [a certain time]

Ku-ji made ni kaeru. 九時までに帰る。 I’ll come back by nine o'clock.

め (目) ordinal particle (め only- “damn…”)

Amerika wa nikai me desu. アメリカは二回目です。 This is my second time to America.

Orokamono me! 愚か者め![You] damn fool!

も(亦) also, Replaces は and が, but may follow other particles.

Watashi ni mo kureta. 私にもくれた。She gave some to me, too.

もの, もん (物) [feminine sentence ender]; a bit cheeky. Verb+物: Creates a noun from the verb (only applies to certain verbs).

Nomimono 飲み物 drink/ Ikimono 生き物 living thing

どうしてこなかったの? Why didn’t you come? Jugyō ga attanda mon. 授業があったんだもの。 I had class, hah.

もので [Similar to ので/んで] because (of something)___is happening.

ものか, もんか Put at the end of a sentence Used to strongly decline. (More gently : もの/もんですか)

Makeru-monka! 負けるもんか! I will not surrender!

Dare ga anna tokoro-ni nido to iku-mondesuka! 誰があんなところに二度と行くもんですか! Who dares to go to the place like that at the second time!

ものなら (物なら) if (I/we/etc.) could/ if it’s possible

その伝言が重要なものなら彼に電話しなさい。   Telephone him if the message is important.  

ものを Shows feelings for not doing something they need to.

「好きだ」とひとこといってくれさえしたらけっこんできたものお・・・ “好きだ"と一言言ってくれさえしたら、結婚できたものを… If you had said "I like you”, we would have gotten married…

/なる, なあ/なぁ Adjective, “don’t” な- Used with adj that act like nouns. な-adjectives なる (old)- Used the same way as な-adjectives. Dictionary form verb + な = “Don’t__.” Verb stem + な = “Do___.” な Modifies general nouns before other particles which can’t directly follow nouns (ので).

するな Don’t do (something). 食べな Eat./ Please eat.

hen na hito 変な人 a strange person

Hen da na! 変だな!How strange!

など (等) For example, things like, such as, etc., and so on

Nattō ya kabuki nado wa Nihon dake ni aru. 納豆や歌舞伎などは日本だけにある。 Things like natto and kabuki are only in Japan.

なんか, なんて (何か, 何て) emphasizes disgust/ negative feelings

Jogen nanka iranai. 助言なんかいらない。 I don’t need any (damn) advice.

Oyogu nante dekinai. 泳ぐなんてできない。 I can’t swim.

Ōkiku nanka nai kedo, kirei da. 大きくなんかないけど、きれいだ。 It’s not big [or anything], but it’s clean.

なら if [conditional, hypothetical]

Atsui nara, eakon o tsukete. 暑いなら、エアコンを付けて。 If you’re hot, turn on the air conditioner.

にて Formal version of で/ Functions the same way.

には for, in, to, in order to

Shichimi wa, watashi ni wa kara-sugiru. 七味は、私には辛すぎる。 (辛 = spicy, すぎる = too) Shichimi is too spicy for me.

Kyōto ni wa hana ga aru. 京都には花がある。 There are flowers in Kyōto.

Mizu o mitsukeru ni wa みずをみつけるには In order to find water

ので because, often shortened to んで

Tesuto ga aru no de, ikenai. テストがあるので、行けない。 Because I have a test, I can’t go.

Gakkō na no de, kin'en da. 学校なので、禁煙だ。 Because this is a school it’s no smoking.

のみ only, just, [formal], less common than だけ Unlike だけ, it only means a small quantity/single frequency

Tō-ten de wa, Nihon en nomi go-riyō itadakemasu. 当店では、日本円のみご利用頂けます。 This store accepts Japanese Yen only.

のに despite, although, even though, would have, in order to Nouns and な-adjectives must be followed by な before using this particle. Has a stronger meaning than けど when used to mean “although” Conveys regret when used to mean “would have”.

Benkyō shiteiru no ni, eigo ga hanasenai. 勉強しているのに、英語が話せない。 Although I am studying, I can’t speak English.

Kaette kitara, yokatta no ni. 帰ってきたら、よかったのに。 It would have been nice if you had come home.

Hikkosu no ni torakku ga hitsuyō da. 引っ越すのにトラックが必要だ。 (In order) to move, you need a truck.

[Masculine] Indicates obvious facts, softer than よ さあ, さぁ [Feminine] Used like ね

Kanojo ga inai kara, dansu niwa ikanai sa. 彼女がいないから、ダンスには行かないさ。 I don’t have a girlfriend, so I’m not going to the dance.

Kinō saa, gakkō de saa, sensei ni saa, chūi sarete saa, chō mukatsuita. 昨日さあ、学校でさあ、先生にさあ、注意されてさあ、超むかついた。 Like, yesterday, in, like, school, I, like, got fussed at by, like, some teacher, and it totally made me sick.

さえ even, [overlaps with も] Implies emphasis that something is greater than expected. Can be followed by も for extra emphasis.

Kanji sae kakeru. 漢字さえ書ける。 He can even write kanji.

でさえ even, Replaces は and が, like でも.

Sonna koto wa saru de sae dekiru. そんなことは猿でさえできる。 Even a monkey can do that.

さえ…ば/ (さえ followed by a verb- “if only”)

Kore sae nomeba, futsukayoi ga naoru yo. これさえ飲めば、二日酔いが直るよ。 If you would just drink this, your hangover would get better.

“and what’s more”

Kirei da shi, hiroi shi, ii ne, kono apaato! きれいだし、広いし、いいね、このアパート。 It’s clean, it’s spacious; this apartment is nice, isn’t it!

しか only, just, [must be followed by a negative verb] でけしか, きりしか, のみしか + the negative verb = Stresses an extremely limited quantity or frequency.

Ichi en dama shika nai. 一円玉しかない。 I have just a one-yen coin.

Yūbin-kyoku ni iku shika nai. 郵便局に行くしかない。 The only thing [to do] is to go to the post office.

すら even, overlaps with も Implies a (usually) negative emphasis that the extent of something is less than expected. Contrasts with さえ.

Kanji sura kakenai. 漢字すら書けない。 He can’t even write kanji.

とか [listing particle], Like のど Often used with なに in the form, なんとか (something or other)

Kani to ka, hotate to ka, zenbu tabeta yo. 蟹とか、帆立とか、全部食べたよ。 We had crab, scallops, [other stuff,] we ate them all.

とも (共) both, all of the とも(w.out kanji)- even if, even though, at the__-est, whether noun + とも + negative verb = “none”

Watashi wa, aitsura ga futari tomo kirai da. 私は、あいつらが、二人とも嫌いだ。 I hate both of those guys.

Zannen nagara, sono kuruma wa san dai tomo irimasen. 残念ながら、その車は三台とも要りません。 Unfortunately, we need none of those three cars.

Dō shiyō to mo amari susumanai. どうしようともあまり進まない。 No matter how we try [to do something], we don’t make much progress.

Sukunaku to mo go-jū mairu aruite kita. 少なくとも五十マイル歩いてきた。 We walked at least fifty miles [to get here].

Osoku to mo itte miyō yo. 遅くともいってみようよ。 Even if it’s late, let’s go and check it out.

Kau to mo kawanai to mo hakkiri shite imasen. 買うとも買わないともはっきりしていません。 It isn’t clear whether they’re going to buy or not.

Waratte ii to mo. 笑っていいとも。 It’s okay to laugh.

行きませんとも。 As if I would go.

って [Casual] Another form of と. Short ver. of という. Present progressive form of 言う/いう (to say). Verbal quotation mark. Sometimes used as a direct quote. Sometimes used for an indirect quote. Used to emphasize a word or concept. To be formal, use いいます instead of って.

Sugu kimasu tte すぐ来ますって。 He said, 'I’ll come soon.’

Arabiago tte, muzukashikunai? アラビア語って難しくない? Arabic─isn’t it difficult? (Emphasizing a word; used instead of というものは or は)

ってば [Emphasis marker] Esp. when speaker is impatient

コーヒーだってば! I said “coffee”!

[Used by both genders] Establishes an emotional connection if used at the end of a sentence.

やら Denotes either uncertainty or listing.

より from, used to make comparisons

Kono densha-wa, Kashiwa-yori saki wa kaku eki-ni tomarimasu. この電車は柏より先は各駅に止まります。 This train will stop at every station after Kashiwa.

Dare-yori-mo kanemochi-ni naritai. 誰よりも金持ちになりたい。 I want to become richer than anyone (else).

Indicates assertion. [Mostly used by men.] Never polite.

Indicates assertion. [Mostly used by men.] Less forceful than ぜ.

ずつ at a time, one at a time, 'by’ in 'one by one’, 'each’ in 'one each’. Usually follows counted nouns.

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nyahongo

My Japanese Notes Masterpost

Genki 1 Notes

*NOTE: Initially, I was posting lesson sheets and kanji sheets separately. After finishing the Lesson 3 sheets, I decided it was more efficient (and probably easier to find them) if I posted them together. This is why Lessons 1 through 3 have two post links. ごめんね!^_^;;

Lessons 10 through 12 will be posted in the near future!

Grammar Notes

From Lingo Deer:

Other Notes:

みんな、日本語の勉強は頑張ろう!!難しいけど、諦めないで!

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