Criticism from 1920s:
Criticism from 1950s (by Arnold Kettle):
This sentiment, that the two world wars makes Heathcliff’s evil more believable than it was before, is fascinating. Reminds me of that famous quote (I think it was by Hannah Arendt) about how world wars brought already-existing violent practices of European colonialism practiced elsewhere to Europe itself and that shocked Europeans.
Also important here is Susan Meyer’s thesis that what Heathcliff is doing to Earnshaws and Lintons is “reverse colonialism” in a symbolic form.
Fascinating stuff.