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Science Llama

@the-science-llama / the-science-llama.tumblr.com

Science, Astronomy, Technology, Art and general Awesomeness
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Daniel Tammet

Imagine you could do complex calculations in your head without even trying, recite pi up to 22,000 digits with no memorization. Daniel Tammet can do all of these things because the numbers and the answers to equations just pop into his head as he 'sees' different shapes/colors/textures that represent numbers to him. Numbers up to 10,000 have their own distinct shape. As he imagines pi, there is a beautiful numerical-landscape composed of these shapes that unfold in his mind and reveal the next set of digits to him. Getting different senses mixed up like that is called Synesthesia. I guarantee he knows more languages than you also. I definitely recommend watching the entire documentary, it's really amazing to watch and you'll learn about even more people with abilities like this. He also did a TED Talk, Different Ways of Knowing, check that out as well.

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astrodidact

ESPL: Dances of the Planets

This is pretty extraordinary and would love to look into this more. Enjoy…

The planets in the heavens move in exquisite orbital patterns, dancing to the Music of the Cosmos.  There is more mathematical and geometric harmony than we realize.   The idea for this article is from a book Larry Pesavento shared with me.  The book, ‘A Little Book of Coincidence’ by John Martineau, illustrates the orbital patterns and several of their geometrical relationships.  

Take the orbits of any two planets and draw a line between the two planet positions every few days.  Because the inner planet orbits faster than the outer planet, interesting patterns evolve.  Each planetary pairing has its own unique dance rhythm.  For example, the Earth-Venus dance returns to the original starting position after eight Earth years.  Eight Earth years equals thirteen Venus years.  Note that 8 and 13 are members of the Fibonacci number series.

Earth:     8 years * 365.256 days/year  =  2,922.05 days                   

Venus:  13 years * 224.701 days/year  =  2,921.11 days (ie. 99.9%)

Watching the Earth-Venus dance for eight years creates this beautiful five-petal flower with the Sun at the center.  (5 is another Fibonacci number.)

Another intriguing fact is the ratio between the Earth’s outer orbit and Venus’s inner orbit is given by a square.

In the following dance patterns, the planet pairing is given and the number of orbits of the outer planet.  Enjoy these beautiful patterns.

Let me share with you other facts about cosmic harmony.  The radius of the Moon compared to the Earth is three to eleven, ie. 3:11.

Radius of Moon = 1,080 miles =  3 x 360

Radius of Earth  = 3,960 miles = 11 x 360 = 33 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5

Radius of Earth plus Radius of Moon = 5,040 miles = 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 = 7 x 8 x 9 x 10

The ratio 3:11 is 27.3 percent, and the orbit of the Moon takes 27.3 days.  27.3 days is also the average rotation period of a sunspot.  The closest : farthest distance ratio that Venus and Mars each experiences in the Mars-Venus dance is incredibly 3:11.  The Earth orbits between them.

The sizes of the Moon and the Earth ‘Square the Circle’ as shown in this illustration, which is drawn to scale.  The perimeters of the dotted square and the dotted circle are the same length.

The perimeter of the dotted red square is 4 x Earth’s diameter = 4 x 7,920 miles = 31,680 miles.  

The circumference of the dotted blue circle is 2 pi x radius = 2 x 3.142 x 5040 miles = 31,667 miles.  (ie. 99.9%)

Article by Howard Arrington

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matthen

In 1952 Alan Turing, a british mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, and computer scientist, wrote a paper which remains influential in computational biology today. He explained how stripes might form on a snake’s skin [and other patterns on animals], using the dispersion of two chemicals; an activator [red] and an inhibitor [yellow]. The activator causes the colouration, and the inhibitor inhibits it. Turing wrote a pair of equations which say that concentrations of the activator cause creation of more inhibitor, but that the inhibitor diffuses and spreads out more quickly than the activator. As shown in the animation, this causes the activator to form peaks with surrounding basins of inhibitor. The concentrations of the two chemicals quickly converge to a stripey pattern where the red activator is periodically in higher concentration than the yellow inhibitor. [video] [more] [code]

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matthen

Quasicrystals are highly structured patterns which are not periodic. Unlike the crystalline structure of e.g. hexagons, a quasicrystal will never line up perfectly with a shifted copy of itself. Here such a structure is created as the interference pattern between 7 waves approaching the centre of the image at equal angles. The 2011 Nobel prize in Chemistry was awarded for the discovery of quasicrystals in chemical compounds. [more] [code

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