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Science Llama

@the-science-llama / the-science-llama.tumblr.com

Science, Astronomy, Technology, Art and general Awesomeness
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Planet Travel Posters Sets Mars & Venus by Ron Guyatt

The Project:

Space tourism is still a long ways off, but it’s not hard to imagine that someday, tourists will visit the natural geological landmarks of other worlds much like they tour the Grand Canyon, Mount Everest or Ayers Rock. Each of these great tourist destinations needs a classic retro travel poster to entice visitors. Until the day people settle off world and make their own destinations many of these may be the places that people will want to travel too. I hope that these posters can inspire people to think beyond our world to the limitless possibilities of the Universe.

Posters Available at My Store

This guys art is friggin amazing, plus he did a poster on the 5th Element so I automatically love him

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The number of places in our solar system that could have ever supported life now stands at 2!

The first, of course, is Earth, because … well, us. According to an awesomely exciting announcement today by NASA and JPL, we can add Gale Crater to that list! 

What they found: Curiosity’s rock drill recently uncovered clay-like minerals below Gale Crater’s rusty red surface. These muddy minerals, pictured above, hint at a “Gray Mars” era, when Gale Crater and the ancient stream bed it holds could have been home to intermittent lakes. When the onboard instruments scanned the chemical makeup of the clay, it found carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur compounds, a group of elements known as “CHONPS” that have to exist in order to create life as we know it. Most importantly, the minerals were pretty neutral in pH and were found in forms that point to a possible chemical energy system (another key ingredient for life).

What remains unknown: This does NOT mean that anything ever actually lived there. But it is the first time that the ingredients for the evolution of microbial life, and the correct conditions to support it, have been directly observed beyond Earth. Mars still has water frozen at its poles, and once had quite a bit of water above and below the surface. The rover will poke around this site, called Yellowknife Bay, for a while longer before heading toward the mountainous center of Gale Crater. There, it will study the multiple layers of rock present on the hillside in order to piece together an even clearer picture of Gale Crater’s muddy, moist, maybe* microbial Martian past.

*Maybe. Just want to emphasize that part.

Achievement Unlocked!

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Earth & Martian Analemma On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project's famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Pathfinder's Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk.

The second image shows the analemma on Earth in front of the Temple of Olympian Zeus. This image contains 47 exposures of the path of the Sun at the same time of day for a year starting in March 30, 2003. The bottom of the figure-8 marks the Winter Solstice which occurs in late December. Via APOD - 1, 2

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Imagine a Living Mars

Mars was likely not always the desolate, red-rocked planet that we see today. The Curiosity rover has found what appear to be water-smoothed pebbles, shaped by ancient rivers of flowing water. Curiosity and previous missions have also seen footprints of alluvial fans and river deltas, sure signs of a previously wet world.

Software engineer Kevin Gill has taken those observations to the next level with these simulations of a “living” Mars, covered with seas and lakes and teeming with vegetation and clouds. He used a survey of Martian terrain and elevation, plugged in a sea level to form oceans, and then painted the clouds and terrain as it might look or have looked.

It’s definitely more an exercise in imagination than in reality, as there’s no indication of past forests or marshy plains on the red planet, but it’s an informed imagination, a realization of a planet’s possible rich past or terraformed future.

(via io9)

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Recent discoveries help understand how Mars could have lost most of its original atmosphere and help determine if the planet was ever habitable.

The rover discovered that traces of heavier carbon and argon isotopes are more abundant than lighter ones, meaning that the top layer of the atmosphere may have been lost to space.

However, no significant levels of methane have been found yet. This is important as methane is a precursor chemical to life. The search continues in a few weeks, this time in the realm of solid matter, when Curiosity examines its first solid sample with SAM (Sample Analysis on Mars). Perhaps the atmosphere around Gale crater is not as exciting, yet, but we will see if the Martian rocks have any water-bearing minerals or carbonates in store for us.

The first image is of a lab demonstration of the measurement chamber inside of the Tunible Laser Spectrometer (TLS) in Curiosity. It can measure concentrations of methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor by using visible lasers and measuring the absorption from the surrounding air.

The second image shows the 5 most abundant gasses on Mars.

The third image shows potential areas for methane stores and ways that it could disappear from the atmosphere. Sources include; comets, degradation of dust particles from light, and interactions under the surface.

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PASADENA, Calif. — NASA’s Curiosity rover mission has found evidence a stream once ran vigorously across the area on Mars where the rover is driving. There is earlier evidence for the presence of water on Mars, but this evidence — images of rocks containing ancient streambed gravels — is the first of its kind.

Scientists are studying the images of stones cemented into a layer of conglomerate rock. The sizes and shapes of stones offer clues to the speed and distance of a long-ago stream’s flow.

“From the size of gravels it carried, we can interpret the water was moving about 3 feet per second, with a depth somewhere between ankle and hip deep,” said Curiosity science co-investigator William Dietrich of the University of California, Berkeley. “Plenty of papers have been written about channels on Mars with many different hypotheses about the flows in them. This is the first time we’re actually seeing water-transported gravel on Mars. This is a transition from speculation about the size of streambed material to direct observation of it.”

Source: twitter.com
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The Opportunity Mars Rover took this photo of the Martian soil and is a mystery to researchers. "This is one of the most extraordinary pictures from the whole mission" said Steve Squyres the rovers principle investigator.

This was found in an outcrop called Kirkwood in the Cape York segment of Mars which is in the Endeavor Crater. They are similar to the "blueberries" found earlier but not the same.

According to Squyres, "They (the bumpy spheres) seem to be crunchy on the outside and softer in the middle. They are different in concentration/ structure/ composition and distribution. So we have a wonderful geological puzzle in front of us." They have no working hypothesis on this yet.

In other news The Curiosity Rover drove another 32 meters after its diagnostics check the other day. Read more --> http://tiny.cc/2yblkw

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Curiosity health inspection going smoothly.

The tests were making sure that the robotic arm, the close up camera (MAHLI) and the X-Ray spectrometer (APXS) worked properly before examining martian rock samples. Once the testing is complete, should be sometime today, the rover will drive and find a rock to examine.

The APXS has been tested by taking atmospheric readings and it should be able to get high resolution readings even at high noon, which will be the hottest time of day which effects the spectrograph.

The close up camera has taken some photos already as well, seen above, and is also helping with seeing the robotics arms ability to complete tasks.

Everyone on the research team seems excited to examine a martian rock within the next few weeks, but you can't really blame them, I would love to be able to shoot X-rays and lasers from a robot on another planet.

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