Still thinking about contrast between Jane Eyre and the second Mrs de Winter. I think Rebecca is clearly a retelling of Jane Eyre as psychological horror, the main characters all villainized (even the narrator) to a heightened degree. And I think the main thing that people forget about Jane Eyre is that it is not just a romance (though that is central to the story), but also a bildungsroman. We see Jane's unhappy childhood home and her persecutions at school, but also her friendships, her joy in art, her steady progress with her pupil, before Mr. Rochester ever steps onto the page. She is a whole and complete person, and can live (with some trials!) without him. Not so for Mrs. de Winter. Like Jane, she has no money and no connections, but we learn virtually nothing about her life before Maxim. Both she and Jane sketch, but it's a cruel joke for our narrator--she is lugging around her pencils and her art books, but the beauty of Manderley only oppresses her. The second Mrs. de Winter's only possession is raw nerves. All of this is to heighten the contrast with her and Rebecca. Bertha Mason is a physical reality but a specter in Jane Eyre, her personality barely more than a footnote. While Rebecca shapes the entire eponymous book. Mrs. de Winter is a void. The horror of being only a wife, only the mistress of the house, fills that space.
Ruth Wilson as Jane from "Jane Eyre" 2006 version.
Okay, but then Mason and Knight dispatch summarily with Charlotte Brontë after barely discussing Brocklehurst and St. John as criticisms of specific forms of Evangelicalism, am I crazy? Jane Eyre is to me so glaringly Evangelical in tone and its theology... its presentation of the personal experience and relationship between God and the believer as deep and moving without being enthusiastic... the ever present hand of providence guiding and helping the elect... Rochester's complete and pretty sudden conversion...
In modeling Helen Burns after her sister Maria, why do you think Charlotte Brontë raised Helen's age to 14, when Maria was only 11 when she died? Do you think she wanted her to be more than just a year older than Jane so that Jane would more believably look up to her and take her seriously as a mentor? Or do you think she did this so readers would take Helen's philosophies more seriously and not dismiss her as just a child? Or both? Or some other reason?
Hi!
I honestly don't know. I do think the ageing-up works all of those functions, certainly. Personally I feel a 14 year old coming better across as a mentor and as more believable in her wisdom are the strongest reasons.
Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
Thinking again about Jane Eyre, and how her main drive in life is to love and be loved, and how Helen Burns' place in the narrative is that of a caring angel. She isn't written as affectionate or warm, and yet she's so important to Jane! Because in the moment of the test -when the giving and receiving of love that she has craved so much for is within reach, if only she compromises- there is an acknowledgement that Helen was right: you cannot do anything for love and the love of creature will sometimes demand what you shouldn't give. And Jane perceives that giving in and becoming Rochester's mistress will destroy her individuality, and once her individuality is gone, so will her love with Rochester. It's a sort of paradox where the only way to save it is to cast it away! And she does!
I have argued before that the ending of Jane Eyre can only be well understood in the context of the text as a pean to the power of mercy and forgiveness to create happiness, and I stand by it, but there's also this element of purification and fulfillment, of course: Jane has given up her love so that it isn't lost, and in the end she gets it back multiplied: she'll be a wife and not a mistress; instead of a bitter, conflicted, impenitent man, she'll have a humbled, matured grateful husband; she'll have children, and cousins she'll love as siblings, a whole family of her own to love and be loved in.
the clouds drifted from pole to pole, fast following, mass on mass: no glimpse of blue sky had been visible that July day.
Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
A Christmas frost had come at midsummer; a white December storm had whirled over June; ice glazed the ripe apples, drifts crushed the blowing roses; on hayfield and cornfield lay a frozen shroud: lanes which last night blushed full of flowers, today were pathless with untrodden snow; and the woods, which twelve hours since waved leafy and flagrant as groves between the tropics, now spread, waste, wild, and white as pine-forests in wintry Norway. My hopes were all dead-struck with a subtle doom,
Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
"Charlotte Brontë tried to delay the publication of Villette so that it would not be reviewed along with Mrs. Gaskell’s Ruth. Brontë particularly wanted to prevent the male literary establishment from making women writers into competitors and rivals for the same small space: “‘It is the nature of writers to be invidious,” she wrote to Mrs. Gaskell, but “we shall set them at defiance; they shall not make us foes.”"
Elaine Showalter, A Literature of their own: British Women Novelists from Brontë to Lessing (1977)
Charlotte Brontë (Jane Eyre)
Jane Austen (Emma)
(…) bright May shone unclouded over the bold hills and beautiful woodland out of doors. Its garden, too, glowed with flowers: hollyhocks had sprung up tall as trees, lilies had opened, tulips and roses were in bloom; the borders of the little beds were gay with pink thrift and crimson double daisies; the sweetbriars gave out, morning and evening, their scent of spice and apples;
Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
April advanced to May: a bright serene May it was; days of blue sky, placid sunshine, and soft western or southern gales filled up its duration. And now vegetation matured with vigour; Lowood shook loose its tresses; it became all green, all flowery; its great elm, ash, and oak skeletons were restored to majestic life; woodland plants sprang up profusely in its recesses; unnumbered varieties of moss filled its hollows, and it made a strange ground-sunshine out of the wealth of its wild primrose plants: I have seen their pale gold gleam in overshadowed spots like scatterings of the sweetest lustre. All this I enjoyed often and fully, free, unwatched, and almost alone: for this unwonted liberty and pleasure there was a cause, to which it now becomes my task to advert.
Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
-Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre
Spring drew on...and a greenness grew over those brown beds, which, freshening daily, suggested the thought that Hope traversed them at night, and left each morning brighter traces of her steps.
Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre