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Enterprise’s weaponry from “Broken Bow.” Torpedoes weren’t properly calibrated and until the next episode and the phase cannons weren’t installed until “Silent Enemy” (nearly a dozen episodes later) which brings up the question what did they fire?

Memory Alpha offers an answer: Prior to phase cannons, Starfleet and civilian ships were fitted with plasma cannons (as seen on J and Y-class freighters). The script itself refers to “launch turrets.”

Pilot episodes will always have things that will be ignored or changed by the rest of the series but this does seem to indicate that despite assurances that Enterprise was ready to launch, Starfleet’s brand new NX-Class was sent out with outdated weapons, to be replaced with untested ones.