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Script Shrink

@scriptshrink / scriptshrink.tumblr.com

Writing about mental illness? Ask ScriptShrink!
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Anonymous asked:

yo so im writing abt a character who was sexually assaulted at the age of nine over the course of three days and two nights, all consecutive. would this timeframe count as repeated & prolonged trauma or just a singular incident? additionally, is there a difference in how ptsd presents itself based on whether the incident was repeated or singular? (also i should specify the character is an adult now)

CW: child sexual abuse, child abuse mention

HmmmMMMmmMMMMMmmmMMMmmm. That’s a very good question. I don’t think there is an exact definition (with numbers) for what counts as ‘prolonged’. But typically, “repeated and prolonged trauma” is used to refer to things like years of child abuse or being a prisoner of war for months, etc. In comparison, “singular incident” would be a single trauma.

What you describe seems to fall squarely between the two definitions, in that there are multiple traumas but they take place in a short amount of time.

I’m honestly not sure which this would fall into, but there is something pretty important to note: It doesn’t matter in terms of actual diagnosis. Both kinds of trauma qualify for a diagnosis of PTSD.

While not officially recognized (yet!), there is a proposed diagnosis that deals specifically with repeated, long-term trauma. I made a post on it a while ago here:

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Personal Experience: The route to diagnosis, c-PTSD and anorexia nervosa edition

CW: eating disorders (anorexia), child abuse, substance abuse mention

//This might be under the jurisdiction of the trauma blog, but I’ll go ahead and submit. //

It is incredibly frustrating when you get misdiagnosed. The only thing more frustrating than months of ill-targeted therapy and medications that don’t help is having to go through the ordeal more than once. And that’s what happened to me.

My troubles started in late teens, I was having violent mood swings and just couldn’t predict how I’d feel in the next couple of hours. It was exhausting. Prior to that, I was a docile and withdrawn child and I went through continuous abuse and several traumatic events from the ages of 9-15. It was as if something inside my brain broke and the flood of emotions couldn’t be held back.

My first visit to the psychiatrist was uneventful. My official diagnosis was “hormones” and a desire to skip school. My mother agreed. Then came insomnia, obsession with my diet, nightmares, periods of depression, extreme distrust in everything and everyone combined with a pathological “clinginess” . Since I had no access to mental health resources, I self medicated with increasing amounts of illicit substances. Then it was apparent I had a problem. The second psychiatrist was determined that I had rapid - cycling Bipolar disorder (I). Needless to say, the medications didn’t do anything except make my symptoms worse. I knew something was wrong, yet I had no way of helping myself constructively. I was already underweight, with a bmi of 16, but it wasn’t seen as a big deal because of shitty Eastern European culture.

Eventually, I completely discontinued all my medications, got financially independent, moved to the UK, while remaining equally miserable and adding a substance abuse problem to the mix.

In the UK I was able to get better help, to an extent. The diagnosis that I had stuck on my forehead for a long time was BPD and my eating disorder was finally addressed. I didn’t agree, but it didn’t really matter. The little amount of DBT that I received was, however, incredibly helpful. It might’ve saved my life. After this whole incredibly boring story, the ultimate conclusion was that I didn’t have a personality disorder or a mood disorder. I had, and still do have a thing they call complex PTSD, and according to my understanding it is caused by prolonged trauma instead of a particular traumatizing event.

The diagnosis was huge for me because I could finally admit to myself that I was, in fact, abused and that instead of running from the memories and feelings I needed to deal with them constructively. My personality wasn’t flawed per se. There was still hope that I would become complete.

The moral of the story is - shit happens. Misdiagnoses happen. Especially when symptoms overlap or you don’t have a typical presentation. From what I’ve heard from other sufferers, c-PTSD is often mistaken for something else. It’s too common to be my unfortunate coincidence or a fundamental flaw of a post-communist medical system.

[Thank you for sharing your personal experiences! - Shrink]

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Anonymous asked:

Hi, I'm trying to write a character who had BPD traits as a kid and went in the foster system at 13. I've tried to read up on it but I couldn't really find any concrete info (or I missed it) but is a psych eval mendatory for those kids and what's the % of chances his BPD traits might be missed ?

Following the BPD ask : my character ends up seeing a different therapist by the time he’s 17, is he old enough to be diagnose w/ BPD ? Are there specific treatments for that ? most of what I could find was Behavioral Therapy which seems to not be considered to have good results in helping people who/ BPD get better (I don’t think it’s possible to “cure” PDs right?). He also sees a nutritionist ‘cause he was homeless for a few years d'you think it’s possible to link treatments and diet?

The Shrink is not familiar with the foster care system, and thus does not know if psych evals are mandatory.

I can’t give you a percentage chance that your character’s BPD would be missed, but it’s actually fairly probable given that your character is male (presuming based on the he/him pronouns). A lot of therapists unfortunately are rather sexist in applying a diagnosis of borderline, and rarely diagnose male-presenting people with it.

Curing personality disorders is indeed not really possible. However, there are treatments and therapy that can help people with personality disorders learn coping skills and such so that they can alleviate the distress they can experience.

There is indeed a specific treatment for BPD called dialectical behavior therapy (aka DBT) that has been found to be pretty effective!

As for the treatments and diet…eating healthily definitely doesn’t hurt, but it’s not sufficient on its own to cure mental illness. We do have a dietitian that we consult with at my internship site, but their involvement in treatment is fairly limited. 

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Anonymous asked:

I have a mid-30's female character in my story who suffers from depression. Reader doesn't get much in-depth backstory for her, but she's one of 5 main characters. Fantasy-type setting, so there isn't really any medication for treatment. She is outwardly confident and outgoing, seeming like nothing bothers her and she's just out for a good time. But I want to *show* that she struggles with this without outright saying it. How would you recommend I might do that? Or should I just say it somehow?

I’m a big fan of naming the diagnosis. I’ve got a whole bunch of different ways you can incorporate a diagnosis into a non-modern setting - check out that post here: http://scriptshrink.tumblr.com/post/158545336703/what-level-of-specificity-would-you-recommend-in

If you decide not to state the diagnosis, at the very least check out the criteria here. There are a lot of ways you can incorporate those symptoms into a character’s behavior.

As a side note - the concept that fantasy settings don’t have any possible treatments for mental illness is a pet peeve for me. I’m going to make a post shortly about creative ways to treat mental illness in that kind of setting pretty soon! 

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Anonymous asked:

I have a character that was diagnosed with Hyperthemsia and i was wondering who would be able to diagnose it would any Therapist be able to??

It seems like that’s a really niche diagnosis; I don’t think a run of the mill therapist would be comfortable assessing or diagnosing it. You’d need a neuropsychologist, probably one who specifically specializes in memory.

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Anonymous asked:

Is it possible to start developing a personality disorder when tou're a kid but have a shift in the environment for about a year or so that could help the symptoms recede? Lile he'd still have some of them but it wouldn't be 'big' enough to be considered a PD? (and instead develop depression as time goes on?)

Yep. Psychologists generally don’t diagnose kids with personality disorders for exactly this reason.

Instead of saying your character started developing a personality disorder, you could simply say your character has traits of that particular disorder (ie, borderline traits; schizoid traits, etc.). 

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can my character have adhd inattentive type *and* auditory processing disorder? or are they mutually exclusive?

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“Auditory processing disorder” isn’t actually in the DSM 5 - it’s something diagnosed by audiologists and is not universally accepted as a diagnosis.

From what I can tell, it seems possible that both conditions can be diagnosed at once. However, they likely would not have received both diagnoses from the same doctor.

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I know that Schizophrenia can develop throughout your life but what I'm wondering is if you can be born with it? If not is there some kind of time frame for when you can develop Schizophrenia. Love Untitled4441 baby! ( I REALLY appreciate this blog :D)

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Aw, thanks!

While the exact cause is unclear, schizophrenia seems to be something a character is born with - it just typically doesn’t show itself immediately.

Typically, schizophrenia is diagnosed in young adults (late teens to early 20s), with men showing symptoms a little earlier than women.*

While it is indeed possible for a character to develop schizophrenia before the age of 13, it only happens in 1 out of 40,000 people. For comparison, schizophrenia occurs in roughly 1 out of 100 people.

Even if a child does have childhood-onset schizophrenia, it’s really, really difficult for them to get an actual diagnosis until later on. After all, neurotypical children often have “psychotic symptoms” such as believing there’s a monster under their bed or that they have an imaginary friend. As such, it’s hard for a clinician to differentiate kids’ fantasies versus actual psychosis.

*The Shrink apologizes that not enough research has been done on genders other than male and female. 

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Anonymous asked:

Sorry if this question is too broad, can I /not/ diagnose my characters' mental illnesses? Most of them I just write as I like, and then I realise that some of them meet the criteria for a MI and I start doing my research on that MI, but I'm sure I have missed some characters and would write them as NT instead of ND. Is it possible to write the character well when missing the MI? Additionally, is it possible that those characters simply have some symptoms of a MI but not the MI itself?

It’s ultimately up to you as a writer to decide whether or not you want your characters to be diagnosed with mental illnesses.

However, there’s also a diagnostic category type thing called “Other Specified [insert category of disorder here]” intended for people who display notable symptoms of a mental illness, but don’t quite meet the threshold for a full diagnosis.

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How would the diagnosis of a mental illness and treatment process go for a teenager (say mid/late teens) vs. someone older/a young adult? Are there any differences the teenager would go through because they're under 18? (For reference, let's just say both have bipolar disorder.)

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The biggest differences would be that the parents / guardians would likely be involved in treatment, and even may be told about what the child character says in therapy.

This is not uniform, however; whether or not the parents / guardians involved depends on a number of factors including but not limited to:

  • The therapist’s policies
  • Laws about confidentiality in the region
  • The child character’s age
  • What the child discloses during therapy

The consent of an underage character is also not required; the parents / guardians must give consent instead.

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Anonymous asked:

Is it possible for a five year old character with PTSD from apparently nothing to be diagnosed with autism?

Not 100% sure what you mean here, Anon, but I’m interpreting this as: “Is it possible for a five year old character with PTSD to be diagnosed with autism instead because the doctor wasn’t aware of the trauma they experienced?”

And the answer is: To my knowledge, not really.* 

Autism Spectrum Disorder presents very, very differently than PTSD in children. If they’re having PTSD-like symptoms without an apparent trauma, they’d probably be diagnosed with adjustment disorder.

That’s not to say the diagnoses are mutually exclusive; autistic kids can and do develop PTSD, but I don’t think that’s what you’re asking about.

*I mean, it’s technically possible to get any diagnosis if the psychologist is incompetent enough.

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Anonymous asked:

I have a character who experiences a trauma and develops a disorder after. I think it's acute stress disorder because the symptoms last less than one month but she still has nightmares around the anniversary years after and has (one) panic attack in a similar situation quite a while later. Can it still be acute distress disorder? Or is do the later issues make PTSD more accurate?

If having nightmares around the anniversary and a single panic attack are the only symptoms she has after a month, she wouldn’t be diagnosed with PTSD. PTSD has a lot of requirements, and your character wouldn’t meet them.

However, it’s very realistic to include the symptoms you’re using! Just because someone doesn’t meet the criteria for PTSD, it doesn’t mean they’ll be completely unaffected. Having a few symptoms down the line is a good way to acknowledge the trauma, even if you don’t want it to affect your character severely.

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Anonymous asked:

What is your opinion on complex PTSD? From what I understand it's not officially recognised (yet?) Should I avoid giving this to a character if I'm trying to be realistic/evidence based!

You’re right in that it’s not officially recognized yet. But that doesn’t make it less of a real thing.

It’s clear that a singular traumatic event is not the same as frequently reoccurring traumas. The latter is associated with much more severe symptoms.

As such, while it’s not officially recognized (yet), the proposed criteria for complex PTSD can be used to further shape and develop your characters more accurately.

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What differentiates Major Depression from just "depression"? I used to think it was whether you had the urge to hurt yourself, but since you've said that's not always the case, now I'm wondering where the real line is.

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There are a couple big differences between Major Depression and “depression”.

Frequency & Duration

In Major Depression, the depressive symptoms need to happen most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks.

That’s not saying that depressed people can never feel happy, because some can and do. But feeling good is not the norm for them, and they go back to feeling depressed when the happiness fades.

Impairment

With Major Depression, the character needs to experience distress due to their symptoms OR their life has been negatively affected in some way by their depressive symptoms. 

For instance, someone who is a bit sad would still be able to go through their lives pretty much as normal, even though they’re feeling crappy. Someone who has Major Depression struggles significantly in at least one area of their lives.

Some examples of struggles a depressed character could have:

  • The character ends up getting bad grades due to not turning in their homework (because it’ll never be “good enough”)
  • The character gets fired because they’ve been too tired to make it into work.
  • The character stops seeing their friends, because they feel like nobody wants to be around them.
  • The character never makes plans for their future, because they see it as hopeless.
  • The character forgets about filing their taxes, and it takes them weeks to complete them once they remember because they feel so bad about it.

Hope that helps!

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Anonymous asked:

What would you diagnose this character with? Hallucinations, hotheadedness, dissociation, constant internal monologuing / her mind "talking back" I may be a frequent visitor as my book is literally set in an in-patient psychiatric hospital.

What would you diagnose this character with? Involuntary speech outbursts, hyperactivity, delusions? I’m trying to think of more symptoms she’s shown but I either don’t know how to explain or my memory is hindering me. In the story her psychological problems are revealed to be due to a head injury, leading to concussion, which she fell asleep during. Thanks! 
What would you diagnose this character with? Extreme social anxiety, stuttering, hypervigilence, paranoia. She has an alter that has symptoms of mania, grand delusions, and a very hindered moral compass. That alter *has* harmed others.

I unfortunately can’t diagnose these characters with anything; there is too little information given for me to apply a DSM-5 diagnosis to any of them. Sorry!

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Anonymous asked:

I know it's unlikely to be diagnosed with a personality disorder under the age of 18. But I read that if the symptoms persisted for over a year they could. Is this true?

With the exception of antisocial personality disorder, which requires a character to be 18 years or older, it’s technically possible to diagnose personality disorders in minors.

However, therapists try not to do this unless it’s 100% clear that the character has it for a couple reasons.

1. Teenagers’ personalities aren’t quite stable / set in stone yet.

2. A diagnosis of a personality disorder unfortunately carries a life-long stigma that can make things a lot more difficult for a character (for instance, insurance companies often balk at covering mental health care for people with personality disorders because they believe “treatment doesn’t work on them, so it’s a waste of resources”).

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