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Knowledge 23.2

What is the underworld in Maya?

For the ancient Maya, Xibalba (chee-bal-ba) was the Underworld, which in their language translates literally as “Place of Fear”

Ereshkigal is a prominent figure in Mesopotamian mythology, specifically within the pantheon of ancient Sumerian and Akkadian deities. She is primarily known as the goddess of the underworld, ruling over the land of the dead. Ereshkigal is often depicted as a fearsome and formidable figure, associated with death, disease, and the mysteries of the afterlife.

According to mythological texts such as the "Descent of Inanna," Ereshkigal is portrayed as the sister of Inanna (or Ishtar), the goddess of love, fertility, and warfare. In the story, Inanna decides to descend into the underworld, seeking to confront Ereshkigal and assert her dominance over the realm of the dead. However, Ereshkigal enacts harsh judgment upon Inanna, subjecting her to various trials and ultimately causing her death. Inanna is eventually resurrected, but the myth highlights Ereshkigal's power and authority over the realm of death.

Ereshkigal's cult was significant in ancient Mesopotamia, and she was often invoked in funerary rituals and incantations seeking protection in the afterlife. She was also sometimes associated with the planet Venus, particularly in her role as Inanna's sister. Overall, Ereshkigal plays a crucial role in Mesopotamian cosmology, embodying the dark and mysterious aspects of the underworld and serving as a potent symbol of mortality and the afterlife.

In Tsubasa of Phantasia, Before Ereshkigal changes her appearance her hair is blonde, original her appearance is that of darkly regal beauty. She is a pale woman in her late 30s with long, straight black hair, dark brown eyes, high cheekbones, and dignified features.