e.g., Ruth/Naomi, David/Jonathan, etc.
Now that it’s the month of Adar, Purim is coming up in less than two weeks! The book of Esther has one of my favourite verses in the whole TaNaKh:
“And who knows — perhaps it was for a moment like this that you became a queen?”
Let me try to explain why I love this verse so much. The book of Esther is the only book in the Bible where the name of G!d does not appear even once. The story is entirely driven by humans, their actions, and their choices. The Jews in Persia face annihilation under the decree of the wicked Haman (boo) and Esther has to make the difficult choice of risking her life in order to try to save her people. This moment in the story (4:14), pretty much right in the middle, is the turning point. Esther makes her decision, reverses the trajectory of destruction, saves the Jewish people… and the rest is history.
But at this moment she doesn’t know that! She decides to step forward and change the course of the narrative, not knowing whether she would survive. “If I perish,” she says, “I perish.” It is that attitude of courage, I think, that carries us through a world where we don’t know if we will manage to save the day — but we do know that if we don’t step forward, no-one else will. This verse is my mantra: “perhaps it was for THIS moment that I became a queen!” Maybe this is the moment that I have been waiting for.
As a queer Jew, there is something especially empowering about the language of ‘queen-ness’. That while we all may wear a variety of masks and disguises in our day-to-day, we are, in fact, royalty. We are queens! A term that I have chosen to wear with pride. And maybe there’s a purpose — maybe I have become a queen just in order to reach this moment. That my life has given me the tools to prepare me, precisely for a moment like this.
“And who knows — perhaps it was for a moment like this that you became a queen?”
Happy Adar!
Calligraphy by me — see more at my website!
What's in the name?
A passage in tractate bMegillah 11a-b conveys a tradition of three kings who have “ruled over the whole firmament” (Heb. shloshah malkhu bakipah): Ahab, Ahasuerus and Nebuchadnezzar. These emperors, however, are surpassed in proficiency and the range of power by king Solomon about whom it is said that “he ruled over the denizens of the upper world as well as of the lower (Heb. al haelyonim veal hatachtonim)”. The phrase itself came to function as a merism denoting the totality of the supernatural creatures, both good and evil. What's inside? Elyonim veTachtonim is also the code name for the project aimed at reconstructing the comprehensive inventory of the entities of various classes in the early rabbinic literature [ERL]. Since the task is laborious, the sources vast and the human resources scarce, the project expands gradually but slowly. What's the purpose? First of all, the database serves the function of a specialized thematic concordance and as such provides the means for a quick localization and juxtaposition of all the appearances of a given entity. Second, the detailed division into separate units allows the introduction of the quantitative methods of analysis, some of which are already published in the "summaries" sheets of the database. Third, the manipulation with the hashtags and filtering commands makes it possible to discern some particular regularities like the correlation between the given entity, topic and genre. This is just a small fraction of the potential applications, and the larger the database the more diverse the purposes.
the Tsene-rene (Tseno Ureno) or “women’s Bible”
the Folklore of Ashkenaz course at YIVO is well underway, and i’ll be making a point to share some of my favorite bits with everyone here when i get the chance! (i’m moving somewhat slow at the moment due to everything else in my life, but i’m working my way through)
the first unit mentioned the Tsene-rene (a Yiddish-language adaptation of the Tanakh, with commentary, written specifically for women) as a source of folklore and mysticism, and i’d love to get my hands on a translation. the name comes from a verse in the Song of Songs, Tze'nah ur-e'nah b'not Tziyyon (צְאֶנָה וּרְאֶינָה בְּנוֹת צִיּוֹן, “Go forth and see, O ye daughters of Zion”)
[images from YIVO and Wikipedia]
Yes! I love the Tsene-Rene. As Adam Kirsch writes, it’s an important source for all kinds of Yiddish folklore, from the shamir and Abraham’s magic sword to avoiding the Evil Eye and the Angel of Death. It’s available in English, but in an Artscroll translation, so I can’t vouch for its accuracy or scholarly value. Here’s a little taste of its style, from the beginning of Genesis:
אין ערשטין בשעפינעש פון הימל און ערד איז גיווען די ערד וויסט און לער און דר כסא הכבוד פון גוט האט גישוועבט אין דער לופטין איבער דעם וואשער… ווייל די תורה האט דא גיוויזין אויף דעם בית המקדש דרום ווייזט זיא אונז אויך וויא דר בית המקדש וועט חרוב ווערין. דרום זאגט ער והארץ היתה תוהו ובוהו, די ערד וועט זיין פאר ווישט דען די שכינה וועט זיך אין חורבן אפ טאן. און דרום זאגט ער ורוח א—להים מרחפת על פני המים, דאש ווינט אונז אפילו ווען מיר וועלן שוין זיין אין גלות וועט דאך דיא תורה פון אונז ניט ווערן אפ גיטאן. און דרום זאגט ער אויך .ויאמר א—להים יהי אור, דאש ווייזט אונז אז נאך דעם גלות וועט אונז הקבה ליכטיג מאכין און וועט אונז שיקין משיח דען עש שטייט בייא אים קומי אורי כי בא אורך דאש איז טייטש שטייא אויף און דר לייכט אונז דען ליכט איז געקומען.
“In the beginning of the creation of heaven and earth, the earth was desolate and empty, and the Throne of the Glory of G!d floated in the air above the water… Because the Torah speaks of the Temple, it also tells us how the Temple will be destroyed. Thus it says, the earth was desolate and empty. The earth will be desolate, and then the Shekhina will turn from us in the hurban [destruction]. Thus it says, and the spirit of G!d hovered over the waters. This wind [is] for us; even if we want to be in golus [exile], it will not turn the Torah away from us. And thus it says also, and G!d said, let there be light. This shows us that after the golus, the Holy Blessed One will make us radiant and will send us moshiakh as it is written [Is. 60:1], arise, shine, for your light is come, which in taytsch [Yiddish] means, ‘rise up and shine light on us, because light has come.’”
This is the source packet from the course that I taught at the NHC Summer Institute, and I thought I would share it with anyone interested. It covers:
- Magic in the Bible
- Magic in the Talmud
- Discussions of Magic in Medieval Jewish Texts
- Jewish Amulets in the Middle Ages
- Jewish Amulets in the Early Modern World
- References and Resources for Further Study
Click on this link to download!