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Victor Hugo, Les Miserables, 1862
Victor Hugo, c. 1862 (via dpr)
Paul Leni, "Portrait of Conrad Veidt" from The Man Who Laughs, 1928
'The credit for creation of the Joker is disputed. Bob Kane responded in a 1994 interview to claims that Jerry Robinson created the concept of the character:
'Bill Finger and I created the Joker. Bill was the writer. Jerry Robinson came to me with a playing card of the Joker. That's the way I sum it up. [The Joker] looks like Conrad Veidt — you know, the actor in The Man Who Laughs, [the 1928 movie based on the novel] by Victor Hugo. Bill Finger had a book with a photograph of Conrad Veidt and showed it to me and said, 'Here's the Joker'. Jerry Robinson had absolutely nothing to do with it, but he'll always say he created it till he dies. He brought in a playing card, which we used for a couple of issues for him [the Joker] to use as his playing card.'
Victor Hugo, c. 1870 (via umich)
Victor Hugo, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, 1831 (gbooks)
Emile Bayard, Portrait of "Cosette," Original Illustration for Victor Hugo's Les Misérables (1862)
