Robert Beer, "Kagyu and Gelug School Proportions of the Eight Great Stupas" from the Encyclopedia of Tibetan Symbols and Motifs, 1999
Laura Hoptman, "Going to Pieces in the 21st Century" from Unmonumental, 2007
Sir William Chambers, Dunmore Pineapple, Airth, Scotland, c. 1761
First encountered in Western Culture "by Christopher Columbus on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe in 1493, pineapples became a rare delicacy in Europe, and were symbolic of power, wealth, and hospitality. The pineapple was adopted as a motif by architects, artisans and craftsmen, being sculpted into gateposts, railings, weather vanes and door lintels. The motif also featured prominently in interior decoration, fabrics and furniture. The Dunmore Pineapple is perhaps the most spectacular architectural use of the motif. The building is a mixture of architectural styles. The south (ground floor) entrance takes the form of a characteristically Palladian Serliana archway, incorporating Tuscan columns. Visitors who step through this archway and into the vestibule below the pineapple face an elaborately framed doorway, flanked, on either side, by pairs of painted wooden Ionic columns, carved with great care, which display perfect fluting and even architecturally correct entasis."