i have really resonated with the symbolism of pearls in catching fire and mockingjay (see this and this). effie introduces peeta and katniss to her capitol friends as potential beauty, explaining (incorrectly) that "if you put enough pressure on coal it turns to pearls” (thg, 74). this same sentiment, one of beauty emerging from pain, follows katniss as peeta gifts her a pearl in the quell arena (cf, 104).
but on my recent reread of catching fire, something else about pearls stood out to me. as she prepares for the interview, cinna reveals the wedding dress that snow is forcing katniss to wear. katniss states how the dress is practically dripping with pearls, ones that are "stitched into the dress and in ropes at [her] throat and forming the crown for the veil" (cf, 70-71).
in this scene, these pearls point to katniss being held captive by snow. the pearls rope katniss's throat like a noose. and in typical snow fashion, it is a pretty and elegant noose, but a noose just the same. snow wanted the dress to show that katniss (just like the districts) was always within his control, whether he was dooming her to a forced marriage or an arena that meant certain death.
so it makes it even more powerful that the pearls "clatter to the stage" as the dress transforms into the mockingjay (cf, 72). with the pearls scattering, katniss is released from her shackles. she is not captive in snow's control and neither are the districts.
but this makes it even more interesting that katniss's most prized possession in mockingjay is a pearl. katniss's last gift from peeta, the pearl from the arena becomes katniss's token in the 'arena' of mockingjay, as she desperately clings to it and hopes that peeta will come back to her, physically and mentally. katniss clings to the same symbol that was once her shackles.
now, if this was some other book written by some other author, it might just be a coincidence. but this is suzanne we are talking about… so there has to be some connection. it is just our job to find out what.
so, as i racked my brain for what this could possibly mean, i first thought that the use of pearl in both scenarios could be used to differentiate the context. for snow's pearls, the giver was trying to control katniss, so the pearls represented the noose of the capitol's control. in contrast, peeta's pearl came from a person who gave unconditionally to katniss. it shows that the pearl was a product of the arena, of their shared pain, coming to represent the very genuine love and relationship that came from katniss's and peeta's attempts for survival. in this way, there are two very different contexts in which the pearl is given.
but then i thought of something else. what if the pearl in both scenarios represents the same thing? the same control that snow has over katniss. now, hear me out.
when katniss is in district thirteen, she is constantly thinking of running away from everything and the only thing that keeps her trapped is that peeta is still captive in the capitol (mj, 14). coin uses katniss's love for peeta as her own way of controlling katniss (mj, 53). as katniss is talking to haymitch, he reminds her that "he's (peeta) not dead yet" and she responds that "we're still in the game" (mj, 70). katniss eventually finds out that snow only kept peeta alive because he could still be used to control katniss, to break her (mj, 131).
and it works. while katniss is clinging to the pearl and peeta and her desperate attempts to bring him back, snow and coin constantly use peeta and katniss's love of him to control her. snow breaks katniss and katniss follows coin's bidding (until the end, of course). so the pearl, while it represents katniss's efforts to control what happens to peeta, also represents the shackles that katniss unintentionally finds herself in as she and her lover once again become pieces in someone else's game.