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@languagesruletheworld / languagesruletheworld.tumblr.com

German native speaker Learning: English (C1), Spanish (B1), French (B2), Norwegian (B1), Korean (A2) Interested in: Polish, Dutch
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pompadourpink
Anonymous asked:

bonjour! could you explain the difference between 'en' and 'dans' and when to use which?? i've always struggled with the distinction when writing in french. merci!

pompadourpink answered:

Hello,

The preposition EN indicates:

  1. a location (je me promène en forêt; vous êtes en Italie),
  2. a period of time: date, month, season (nous sommes en janvier),
  3. the duration of an event (il n’a pas plu une fois en deux semaines),
  4. a state or way to be (elle était très en colère),
  5. something’s structure, aspect or material (une montre en or),
  6. a change (il change l’eau en vin),
  7. someone’s outfit (un pompier en tenue),
  8. someone’s job (un docteur en philosophie),
  9. transportation means (on y va en train).

It can also introduce an object related to an adjective (une vie riche en couleurs), follow the verbs croire and espérer (croire en Dieu), help create a gerund (courir en écoutant de la musique) as well as prepositive or adverbial locutions (en revanche, en haut de).

The preposition DANS indicates:

  1. time (on se voit dans une heure),
  2. a place: A/ a room, building, street, city, country (il est dans la rue), B/ in books or newspapers (j’ai lu ça dans le journal), C/ in transport means (nous sommes déjà dans le train), D/ in the world (il y a plusieurs milliards d’humains dans le monde),
  3. a way (ils vivent dans la pauvreté).

It also means: around (j’ai marché dans la neige), Inside (il est dans le tiroir), From (je bois dans un verre) and about (le chat pèse dans les cinq kilos).

PS: EN can also be a pronoun!

Hope this helps! x

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Fanmail - masterlist (2016-) - archives - hire me - reviews (2020-) - Drive

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i-read-in-five-languages

french language resources masterlist

Last updated: 02/11/2023

Websites

Music

Books/Reading

  • GEO Magazine is a online magazine with articles about nature and history
  • Library Genesis has many books in french and other languages too

TV/Movie

  • TV 5 Monde has series and movies from France and other countries (for free), available for desktop and mobile (ios and android)
  • TV 5 UNIS has series and movies in French (mostly from Quebec). Some of the shows are not available outside Canada (but you can use it with a vpn)

Podcasts

Apps

  • WLINGUA app (both IOS and Android) teaches grammar

Other

  • French grammar pdf exercises - if you search the topic you're learning (example: le passé composé) + pdf, you're going to find many pdf activities from University of Quebec. Like this one: Passé Composé UQuebec
  • Artips is a newsletter about art, music, science and ecology that you receive in your email. You can chose the topics you wanna subscribe (example: I subscribed for art and music newsletters).

Bon courage !

#nice!#french#resources
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wonderful-language-sounds

This is a post about masterposts about resources and books for studying many languages. I made this since many people do not know about all the resources that have been posted.

Resources for Many Languages: thelanguagecommunity

General

Language Families/Groups

Afrikaans

Ainu

Albanian

Amharic

Arabic

Armenian

ASL

Azerbaijani

Belarusian

Basque

Bengali

Bulgarian

Catalan

Cantonese

Mandarin Chinese

Cornish

Crimean Tatar

Croatian

Czech

Danish

Dutch

English

Estonian

Faroese

Finnish

French

Galician

Georgian

German

Gothic

Greek

Greenlandic

Guarani

Hawaiian

Hebrew

Hindi

Hungarian

Icelandic

Indonesian

Italian

Irish

Japanese

Kannada

Kazakh

Khmer

Kikongo

Korean

Kyrgyz

Latin

Lithuanian

Malay

Maltese

Mongolian

Nahuatl

Nepali

Norwegian

Occitan

Old Church Slavonic

Pashto

Persian

Polish

Portuguese 

Punjabi

Romanian

Russian

Northern Sami

Scottish Gaelic

Serbian

Sinhala

Slovak

Slovene

Somali

Spanish

Swahili

Swedish

Tagalog

Tamil

Tatar

Thai

Tibetan 

Turkish

Ukrainian

Urdu

Uzbek

Vietnamese

Xhosa

Yiddish

Yoruba

Zulu

**Last Updated: June 2019**

#german#spanish#korean#french#norwegian#resources#masterpost#masterlist
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pompadourpink

Les temps verbaux

Les temps

Le passé

  • Pluperfect (plus-que-parfait): Elle avait fermé la porte - She had closed the door [imperfect Être/Avoir auxiliary + past participle]
  • Imperfect (imparfait): Elle fermait la porte - She closed the door [description, historical detail, habit in the past]
  • Perfect (passé composé): Elle a fermé la porte - She has closed the door [simple present Être/Avoir + past participle]
  • Simple past (passé simple): Elle ferma la porte - She closed the door [literary]
  • Past conditional (conditionnel passé): Elle aurait fermé la porte - She would have closed the door [present conditional Être/Avoir + past participle; expresses a regret or theory/fantasy]
  • Perfect past (passé antérieur): Elle eut fermé la porte - She had closed the door [simple past Être/Avoir + past participle; rare, literary, expresses the anteriority of an action compared to the one that follows]
  • Recent past (passé récent): Elle vient de fermer la porte - She just closed the door [simple present Venir de + infinitive; about what just happened]*
  • Past imperative (impératif passé): Aie fermé la porte - Have the door closed (before...) [present imperative Être/Avoir without the pronoun + past participle; only in 2nd person singular + 1st/2nd person plural, expresses the anteriority of an action (order, prohibition, suggestion, plea) compared to the one that follows]
  • Past infinitive (infinitif passé): Avoir fermé la porte est important - Having closed the door is important [present infinitive Être/Avoir + past participle; expresses the anteriority of an action accomplished before the one that follows]
  • (Past participle (participe passé): Elle a fermé la porte [used after an auxiliary in multiple compound tenses, usually to express a past action])

Le présent

  • Indicative/simple present (présent de l'indicatif/simple): Elle ferme la porte - She closes the door
  • Progressive present (présent progressif): Elle est en train de fermer la porte - She is closing the door [simple present Être + en train de + infinitive; about what is in the process of happening]
  • Present conditional (conditionnel présent): Elle fermerait la porte - She would close the door [expresses politeness, a desire, suggestion, theory]*
  • Present imperative (impératif présent): Ferme la porte - Close the door [simple present without the pronoun; only exists in 2nd person singular and 1st/2nd person plural, expresses an order, prohibition, recommendation, plea]
  • Present infinitive (infinitif présent): Fermer la porte - Close the door [infinitive verb; used in lists, on signs, after certain prepositions/conjugated verbs, expresses a number of feelings]
  • (Present participle: Elle ferme la porte menant aux chambres - She closes the door leading to the bedrooms [verb + -ant; used to add precisions and usually replaces qui + simple present verb])

Le futur

  • Near future (futur proche): Elle va fermer la porte - She is going to close the door [present Aller + infinitive; about what is about to happen]
  • Simple future (futur simple): Elle fermera la porte - She will close the door
  • Perfect future (futur antérieur): Elle aura fermé la porte - She will have closed the door [simple future Aller + infinitive; about what will have happened]

*NB: To use "If... (then)..." constructions, use imperfect for V.1 and present conditional for V.2 in the present (Si elle mangeait, elle n'aurait pas faim), or pluperfect for V1. and past conditional for V.2 in the past (Si elle avait mangé, elle n'aurait pas eu faim).

GIF by ladycollector

Les modes

  • Present gerund (gérondif présent): Elle ferme la porte en criant - She closes the door shouting [(conj. verb 1 +) en + verb 2 + -ant; used to describe two simultaneous actions, a consequence, or one's way of doing something; not to be used with a stative verb (Être, Sembler, etc.)]
  • Past gerund (gérondif passé): Ayant fermé la porte, elle fut enfermée dehors - Having closed the door, she was locked out [Être/Avoir + -ant + past participle; used to describe the anteriority of an action]
  • Present subjunctive (subjonctif présent): Il faut qu'elle ferme la porte - She has to close the door [triggered by certain constructions + que; about an uncertain action that hasn't happened atm, that only exists in someone's head.]
  • Past subjunctive (subjonctif passé): Il fallait qu'elle ait fermé la porte - She had to have closed the door [certain constructions + que + pronoun/noun + present subjunctive Être/Avoir + past participle; about an uncertain situation that might have happened]
  • Imperfect subjunctive (subjonctif imparfait): Il fallait qu'elle fermât la porte - She had to close the door [certain constructions + que + pronoun/noun + present subjunctive; RARE/lit., about an uncertain situation that hadn't happened yet]
  • Pluperfect subjunctive (subjonctif plus-que-parfait): Il fallait qu'elle eusse fermé la porte - She had to have closed the door [certain constructions + que + pronoun/noun + imperfect subjunctive Être/Avoir + past participle; RARE, lit., about an uncertain situation that might have happened]
GIF by starkcregan

Movie: Les Parapluies de Cherbourg - Jacques Demy, 1964

#french#your wish is my command#french grammar#Grammar
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rachels-rendez-vous

✎ 100 common french verbs ⋆ ˚｡⋆୨୧˚

  • être - to be
  • avoir - to have
  • faire - to do, make 
  • dire - to say, tell
  • pouvoir - can, to be able to
  • vouloir - to want
  • savoir - to know
  • voir - to see
  • devoir - to have, must
  • venir - to come, occur
  • suivre - to follow
  • parler - to speak, talk
  • prendre - to take, get
  • croire - to believe, think
  • aimer - to love, like, be fond of
  • falloir - it is necessary, must, have to
  • passer - to pass, go by, cross
  • penser - to think
  • attendre - to wait for, except
  • trouver - to find
  • laisser - to leave
  • arriver - to arrive
  • donner - to give, give away
  • regarder - to look at, watch
  • appeler - to call
  • partir - to go, leave, go away
  • mettre - to put on, wear
  • rester - to stay, remain
  • arrêter - to stop
  • connaitre - to know, experience
  • demander - to ask
  • comprendre - to understand
  • sortir - to go out, take out
  • entendre - to hear, listen to, understand
  • chercher - to look for
  • aider - to help
  • essayer - to try, test
  • revenir - to come back, return
  • jouer - to play
  • finir - to finish, end
  • perdre - to lose, miss
  • sentir - to smell, sniff, feel
  • rentrer - to bring in, take in, get in, go in, come home
  • vivre - to live, be alive, go through 
  • rendre - to return, give back, repay
  • tenir - to hold, run, keep, last
  • oublier - to forget, miss
  • travailler - to work, work on, practice
  • manger - to eat
  • entrer - to go in, enter, come in
  • devenir - to become
  • commencer - to start, begin
  • payer - to pay
  • tirer - to pull, draw
  • ouvrir - to open
  • changer - to change, exchange 
  • excuser - to forgive, pardon, excuse
  • dormir - to sleep
  • occuper - to occupy, live in, take up
  • marcher - to walk, march, go
  • envoyer - to send, throw, dispatch, refer
  • apprendre - to learn, to hear
  • boire - to drink (alcohol)
  • garder - to keep, to look after, to guard
  • montrer - to show, point out
  • s’assesoir - to sit down, sit up
  • porter - to carry, wear
  • prier - to pray
  • servir - to serve
  • ecrire - to write
  • retrouver - to find, to meet
  • gagner - to win, earn
  • acheter - to buy
  • rappeler - to remind, remember, call back, be reminiscent of
  • lire - to read
  • monter - to go up, rise, come up
  • quitter - to leave, depart
  • emmener - to take (somebody), take along 
  • toucher - to touch
  • continuer - to continue, go on
  • raconter - to tell
  • repondre - to answer, reply
  • sauver - to save
  • rencontrer - to meet, encounter
  • fermer - to close, shut
  • valoir - to hold, apply, be worth
  • compter - to count
  • bouger - to move
  • apporter - to bring, supply
  • decider - to decide
  • vendre - to sell
  • expliquer - to explain
  • agir - to act, behave, work, take effect
  • adorer - to adore, love
  • recevoir - to receive
  • utiliser - to use
  • coucher - to put to bed, lay down, to sleep
  • preferer - to prefer
  • offrir - to offer, give
  • preparer- to prepare, make, get ready
#french#french vocab#verbs#vocabulary
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dreamofghosts

random french vocab pt. 14

  • cantonner - to confine
  • les débouchés - (job) opportunities
  • le guichet - counter
  • inéluctable - inevitable
  • la distanciation physique - social distancing
  • être là pour rester - here to stay
  • s'étonner - to be surprised
  • vraisemblablement - likely
  • la parasitage de bureau - office noise, interference
  • empiéter - to impinge, encroach upon
  • zélé - zealous, eager
  • l'assouplissement - relaxation
  • la hausse - increase
  • la hauteur - height
  • musculosquelettique - musculoskeletal (not a hard word but funny to spell so)
  • l'essor - rise, boom
  • le cancer du sein - breast cancer
  • la vessie - bladder
  • garder le lien - keep in touch
  • le fardeau - burden, liability
  • surfer sur la vague - ride the wave
  • mener - to conduct, carry out
  • se détendre - to relax
  • la Sainte Trinité - the holy trinity
  • le gaspillage - waste
  • promulguer - to enact, pass
  • la tondeuse à gazon - lawnmower
  • la signalétique - signage
  • la malbouffe - junk food
  • le couvre-feu - curfew
  • ancrer - to anchor, entrench
  • préconiser - to advocate, recommend
  • tisser - to weave
  • entamer - to start
#french#french vocab#vocab#vocabulary
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pompadourpink

How to pronounce Plus

Plus can have three possible pronunciations:

\ply\ "plu"

  • In "ne... plus" (Not anymore): Je ne t'aime plus - I don't love you anymore (unless there's a liaison)
  • In a superlative construction: Je suis la plus drôle - I am the funniest
  • In a comparative construction, before a consonant: Ton grand frère est plus grand que moi - Your older brother is taller than me

*

\plys\ "plusse"

  • When followed by De (More of): Il y a plus de chats que de chiens à Paris - There are more cats than dogs in Paris
  • When followed by Plus que (More than): Je dors plus que d'habitude en ce moment - I sleep more than usual these days
  • When it's the last word of the sentence: Allez, à plus! - Alright, see you later!
  • In certain expressions: Plus que, De plus, Sans plus, En plus...
  • In maths: Trois plus deux - Three plus two

*

\plyz\ "pluz"

  • When followed by a mute H: Je suis plus heureuse aujourd'hui - I am happier today
  • When there's a liaison (i.e. when followed by a vowel): Il est encore plus aimable que je ne pensais - He's even nicer than I thought
GIF by jalenmara
#french#pronounciation
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lemonadeandlanguages

French Resource Folder

Hey guys!

Since I’ve had this blog for about a year and a half now,  I decided to compile them all into one folder on OneDrive so that they would be easier to access :) I’ll be updating it periodically as I post more stuff on here, but feel free to check it out! There’s a bunch of posts that I made ages ago that have been buried under unrelated posts here, so maybe you’ll find something interesting!

As of now, the folder includes grammar posts, vocabulary lists, and a few documents on Quebecois French. 

And if ever you want something that isn’t there, just ask :)

#masterpost#resources#if only i remembered my tagging system#french
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FRENCH RESOURCES

Textbooks

Lessons

Online Dictionaries

Reading + Listening

*link to English-language site; scroll down to access site in Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Mandarin, or Arabic

Art + Literature

#french#masterpost
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plum-studyblr

Books to read to improve your French

Hi! If you're learning French and are looking for something to read, here's a list of books I read and loved as a French pupil that you might want to discover!

Beginners (A2-B1)

Tistou Les Pouces Verts, by Maurice Druon: This is the story of Tistou, a child who can make flowers sprout wherever his hand lands. Tistou uses his power to help adults around him to bear the difficult aspects of life, such as war and sadness. As it is a kid book, it is quite easy to read and full of vocabulary (especially for learning the names of flowers!)

The Laure and Compagnie series, by Catherine Missonier: This series of five books recount the eccentric adventures of elementary school pupils. The stories are all very funny (ranging from a class discovering that their teacher is a secret agent to a story about an alien who turns into a human and lands in a fifth-grade classroom)

Intermediate (B1)

Le Petit Prince, by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry: You may already be familiar with this book, as it is widely known. It tells the story of a little boy traveling from planet to planet in the universe looking for a place to settle. It is a very touching philosophical tale and by far my favorite book on this list.

Le Petit Nicolas, by René Goscinny: Nicolas is a boy living in France in the 50s. He writes about his daily life in post-war France, his relationship with his friends, with school, and his parents. I loved these books as a child. They are easy to read and very useful for learning about French society in the 20th century.

Intermediate-Advanced (B2)

Le Château de ma Mère and La Gloire de mon Père, by Marcel Pagnol: these two novels are autobiographical. The author recounts his youth in Provence. The author's style is simple to understand, but his stories are moving and give the impression of falling back into childhood.

Advanced (C1)

La Passe-Miroir, by Christelle Dabos: La Passe-Miroir is a series of French fantasy novels. Ophelia, a young woman living on the planet Anima, can tell the history of objects just by touching them. Her story begins when she gets engaged against her will to Thorn, a mysterious man from a frozen planet...

La Parure, Aux Champs and Le Horla, by Guy de Maupassant : Maupassant is one of France's most famous authors of short stories. I discovered those three in high school, and I really liked them because of their unexpected endings. These texts are short, but Maupassant lived in the 19th century, so his style is a bit more difficult to understand.

Voyage au Centre de la Terre, by Jules Verne (or, really, anything by Jules Verne): I think I must have read this book at least fifty times and I'm still not tired of it ;-)! Verne narrates the story of Axel and his uncle, Professor Lidenbrock, who, one day, find a map that might be able to lead them to the center of the Earth... The story is fascinating and the characters are quite endearing. However, there is a lot of scientific jargon that might be difficult to understand without a dictionary.

Hope these suggestions can help you find something to read!

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languagesruletheworld

Intermediate (B1)

Le Voyage d'Hector ou la recherche du bonheur de François Lelord

Il était une fois un jeune psychiatre nommé Hector qui n'était pas très content de lui : il voyait bien qu'il n'arrivait pas à rendre les gens heureux. Hector décide donc de partir en voyage autour du monde pour comprendre ce qui fait vraiment le bonheur. Pourquoi rêvons-nous souvent d'une vie plus heureuse sans apprécier la nôtre ? Trouve-t-on le bonheur dans la réussite ou dans les relations avec les autres ? Dépend-il des circonstances ou d'une manière de voir les choses ? Après bien des aventures et d'étonnantes rencontres, Hector saura mieux répondre à ces questions... Entre voyage initiatique et conte pour grandes personnes, le regard tendre et amusé d'un psy sur nos doutes et notre soif de bonheur.

Intermediate-Advanced (B2)

Un secret de Philippe Grimbert:

Souvent les enfants s’inventent une famille, une autre origine, d’autres parents. Le narrateur de ce livre, lui, s’est inventé un frère. Un frère aîné, plus beau, plus fort, qu’il évoque devant les copains de vacances, les étrangers, ceux qui ne vérifieront pas… Et puis un jour, il découvre la vérité, impressionnante, terrifiante presque. Et c’est alors toute une histoire familiale, lourde, complexe, qu’il lui incombe de reconstituer. Une histoire tragique qui le ramène aux temps de l’Holocauste, et des millions de disparus sur qui s’est abattue une chape de silence.

#le voyage d'hector was okay#but un secret..#still makes me tear up just thinking about it#french#french books
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