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#resources – @holyfunnyhistoryherring on Tumblr
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must there be a title

@holyfunnyhistoryherring

is it not enough to just vibe
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Something like this would be so colossally helpful. I'm sick and tired of trying to research specific clothing from any given culture and being met with either racist stereotypical costumes worn by yt people or ai generated garbage nonsense, and trying to be hyper specific with searches yields fuck all. Like I generally just cannot trust the legitimacy of most search results at this point. It's extremely frustrating. If there are good resources for this then they're buried deep under all the other bullshit, and idk where to start looking.

>:)c

May I present to you, nationalclothing.org?

It doesn't have everything, but it's still my first source when researching traditional clothing from other cultures.

There's also this resource on historical fashion: Claire’s Historical Fashion Reference & Resources

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I grow our own vegetables. Many hybrid and heirloom varieties are bred for flavor rather than for commercial appeal and travel. There are entire species on the allotment that you can’t easily buy in stores because of this - like salsify, a root vegetable that tastes of fish and shellfish. Our neighbours happily take it to make vegan latkes of alarming similarity to fishcakes. You cannot sell it in stores because - despite looking like a white parsnip - it turns brown when you pick it if you scrape/bruise/cut the white root in any way, or damage the delicate little hairs, for some reason, it BLEEDS RED and is very upsetting to look at.

There are whole classes of foods like this. Foods that just don’t ship well or look good on supermarket shelves. Forbidden fruits. Vegetables that bleed and taste like meat. Sorry about this

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curioscurio

This website is one of my fav places to find interesting heirloom stuff! I ordered a bunch of seeds to try growing next year I’m really excited about! 

I’ve gotten and plants seeds from that site, Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds, and they grow fantastically well for me.

I’m really looking forward to next season

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plum-soup

Highly recommend Native Seed/Search and Truelove. Baker Creek has an amazingly large catalog and has some very cool and rare stuff, but they are also Mennonites and as you might expect, they do have terrible politics as listed above, although they do some decent work preserving heirloom seeds from threatened communities.

An organization that does really interesting work preserving seed from threatened communities (and larger companies like baker creek often piggyback off of some of the work done by orgs like this and NS/S) is the Experimental Farm Network. They are very explicit about their (left-leaning) political views and you don’t have to worry about them being Problematic. They have lots of interesting and rare varieties and species you really cannot find anywhere else.

If you are looking for a wider selection of heirloom seed varieties, these two companies are very good resources as well, and carry many of the same things as Baker Creek. Afaik they are not expressly political beyond their general mission to preserve heirloom seeds (although southern exposure does a good job of preserving some very traditional african-American heirlooms from the Southeast US in particular).

Omg I hadn’t heard of the Experimental Farm Network and I am delighted! I am also completely thrilled to see people other than me remember that Baker Creek is a bunch of lying fash. They claimed they did not know about Cliven Bundy AFTER VISITING HIM IN JAIL. He was literally in jail for his anti-social bullshit when they first talked to him about the watermelons he and his mentor stole from Indigenous people and made their name on. They also take seeds from Indigenous communities globally and profit from them without sharing those profits with the communities they took the seeds from.

…I am blocked by them on Twitter after publicizing the Cliven Bundy crap, full disclosure, I have an actual feud with these people and their unethical practices.

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tkingfisher

I was trying to get signal in the goddamn Himalayas to argue with them about Bundy. *grumble*

I also second Native Seed/SEARCH as a great org doing great work. Some of their stuff is so desert-adapted it won’t grow for me, but I’ve had great luck with some of their bean varieties.

[ image one: an edited color still from one of the Star Wars movie, showing an adult Anakin saying “Is it possible to learn about these foods?”

image two: an excerpt of text that reads “An important part of our mission involves preserving and sharing seeds from communities under threat, and attempting, wherever possible, to return seeds to those communities. Whether by war, famine, poverty, global capitalism, or climate change (and usually a combination of those), the way of life in many traditional farming communities is undergoing tremendous change in the 21st century. Indeed, given the specter of climate change in particular, most every community could be considered under threat, but the seeds offered in this collection (most unavailable from other seed companies) come from some of the most devastated communities on the planet. Growing them and sharing them is not enough to save these communities from further harm, but it is one thing we can do to help.”  / end id ]

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so metropolitan museum of art has a register of books they’ve published that are out of print and that you can download for free! they’re mostly books on art, archeology, architecture, fashion and history and i just think that’s super useful and interesting so i wanted to share! you can find all of the books available here!

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Here is a (non-exhaustive) list of free resources for different sign languages:

Please feel free to add on if you know of others, be it more resource for one of the sign languages above, or resources for learning any of the other 300 plus sign languages.

Edit: I updated the ASL reference to Bill Vicars, but reminder that these are just things I found around, please find Deaf teachers wherever possible! And for ASL, lifeprint.com is another wonderful resource.

This post is still actively getting notes every day, so I wanted to share a new resource with you: Lingvano. This app is:

  • Free, for the first few lessons then it’s about $10 per month
  • Offers lessons from D/deaf teachers
  • Extremely self-paced, built to take in small 5 to 20 minute chunks every day.

The app currently only offers courses in three sign languages: American Sign Language (ASL), British Sign Language (BSL) and Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS).

I will add this to the original post momentarily, but I wanted to put this in a reblog too to raise awareness. I found out about this app from a Deaf content creator, so I really do think it's legit.

The app Toleio has Norwegian sign language. It is free to use.

Thank you for the addition! As a reminder for those who have not seen the corrected version of the post tho, Lingvano is only free for the first few lessons, as it turns out.

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Hey runners (and walkers)! Thought this might be helpful :)

Shoelace Voodoo

The heel slipping one is awesome if you have to wear orthotics because it stops them from slipping round inside your shoe

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thededfa

Oh! I’ll have to try this

oh my god. oh, oh my god. the wide forefoot one… oh my god bless you you beautiful hero

Ian’s Shoelace Site – https://www.fieggen.com/shoelace/ – is the page for all these lacing patterns and more.

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ms-demeanor

He’s got specific lacing advice for skates and tall boots and there are decorative patterns and I recently relaced my skate shoes for both a wide forefoot and less friction on the laces so it’s easier to tighten and loosen them but he also has lace-locking patterns so that shoes stay exactly as tight as you laced them the first time and it is just a VERY GOOD website.

Like. I’ve been buying shoes the wrong size because it’s often hard to find wide shoes but the lacing pattern for a wide forefoot means that my big hobbit feet actually fit into the previously too-tight running shoes and sneakers I had.

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awlwren

[id: infographics showing ways to lace shoes to compensate for: high arches, shoes feel too tight, heel slipping, black toenails/toe pain, wide forefoot.]/end id.

Text in image reads,

“High arches

Solution: open up the middle

Shoes feel too tight

Solution: trust in parallel style

Heel slipping

Solution: secure the top and leave the rest

Black toenails/toe pain

Solution: get your shoe off your toe

Wide forefoot

Solution: leave some space”

End text.

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thinking again about TvTropes and how it’s genuinely such an amazing resource for learning the mechanics of storytelling, honestly more so than a lot of formally taught literature classes

reasons for this:

  • basically TvTropes breaks down stories mechanically, using a perspective that’s not…ABOUT mechanics. Another way I like to put it, is that it’s an inductive, instead of deductive, approach to analyzing storytelling.
  • like in a literature or writing class you’re learning the elements that are part of the basic functioning of a story, so, character, plot, setting, et cetera. You’re learning the things that make a story a story, and why. Like, you learn what setting is, what defines it, and work from there to what makes it effective, and the range of ways it can be effective.
  • here’s the thing, though: everyone has some intuitive understanding of how stories work. if we didn’t, we couldn’t…understand stories.
  • TvTropes’s approach is bottom-up instead of top-down: instead of trying to exhaustively explore the broad, general elements of story, it identifies very small, specific elements, and explores the absolute shit out of how they fit, what they do, where they go, how they work.
  • Every TvTropes article is basically, “Here is a piece of a story that is part of many different stories. You have probably seen it before, but if not, here is a list of stories that use it, where it is, and what it’s doing in those stories. Here are some things it does. Here is why it is functionally different than other, similar story pieces. Here is some background on its origins and how audiences respond to it.”
  • all of this is BRILLIANT for a lot of reasons. one of the major ones is that the site has long lists of media that utilizes any given trope, ranging from classic literature to cartoons to video games to advertisements. the Iliad and Adventure Time ARE different things, but they are MADE OF the same stuff. And being able to study dozens of examples of a trope in action teaches you to see the common thread in what the trope does and why its specific characteristics let it do that
  • I love TvTropes because a great, renowned work of literature and a shitty, derivative YA novel will appear on the same list, because they’re Made Of The Same Stuff. And breaking down that mental barrier between them is good on its own for developing a mechanical understanding of storytelling.
  • But also? I think one of the biggest blessings of TvTropes’s commitment to cataloguing examples of tropes regardless of their “merit” or literary value or whatever…is that we get to see the full range of effectiveness or ineffectiveness of storytelling tools. Like, this is how you see what makes one book good and another book crappy. Tropes are Tools, and when you observe how a master craftsman uses a tool vs. a novice, you can break down not only what the tool is most effective for but how it is best used.
  • In fact? There are trope pages devoted to what happens when storytelling tools just unilaterally fail. e.g. Narm is when creators intend something to be frightening, but audiences find it hilarious instead.
  • On that note, TvTropes is also great in that its analysis of stories is very grounded in authors, audiences, and culture; it’s not solely focused on in-story elements. A lot of the trope pages are categories for audience responses to tropes, or for real-world occurrences that affected the storytelling, or just the human failings that creep into storytelling and affect it, like Early Installment Weirdness. There are categories for censorship-driven storytelling decisions. There are “lineages” of tropes that show how storytelling has changed over time, and how audience responses change as culture changes. Tropes like Draco in Leather Pants or Narm are catalogued because the audience reaction to a story is as much a part of that story—the story of that story?—as the “canon.”
  • like, storytelling is inextricable from context. it’s inextricable from how big the writers’ budget was, and how accepting of homophobia the audience was, and what was acceptable to be shown on film at the time. Tropes beget other tropes, one trope is exchanged for another, they are all linked. A Dead Horse Trope becomes an Undead Horse Trope, and sometimes it was a Dead Unicorn Trope all along. What was this work responding to? And all works are responding to something, whether they know it or not

An incomplete list of really useful or interesting reads from TvTropes.

please note that yes many of these are concepts that exist elsewhere and a few are even taught in fiction writing classes but TvTropes just does an amazing job at displaying the range of things that can be done with them

legitimately so much of the terminology I use to talk about storytelling, and even think about it in my own head, i learned about from TvTropes

this is just a really short list of examples I encourage people who write or otherwise create stories to browse around on this site it’s so useful

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anarchopuppy
Whenever I publicly talk about Land Back, someone will inevitably ask me the same question: “What does Land Back really mean?”
More often than not, I will answer with something short like, “it means give the land back.” As to-the-point as that answer is, I know it isn’t the answer they are necessarily looking for. The concept of Land Back, particularly for many non-Indigenous folks, can seem confusing and abstract. People want to know what is being done and what they can do to help the movement.
While it is only in the past couple of years that Land Back has entered national dialogues, Indigenous people have always found ways to assert their jurisdiction despite their displacement and forced alienation from the land. What’s more, some non-Indigenous people have acted as accomplices in the Land Back movement – finding ways to pay reparations and subvert the systems of oppression that have often benefited them, in the spirit of Land Back.
This piece explores four case studies to show concrete ways that Land Back is taking place on the ground. Hopefully these examples can provide some clarity about what Land Back means and looks like, perhaps functioning as a starting point for non-Indigenous people to join the Land Back movement and begin reconciling their relationship to these lands.
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sleepingwool

[ID: a series of text posts with images on the right-hand side. In order of appearance:

1. Paying rent. By Riley Yesno. One way non-Indigenous people are materially supporting the Land Back movement is by paying monthly or annual fees to the Indigenous people whose land they occupy. This can be done on an individual basis by setting up a relationship with an Indigenous community’s administration - like Hereditary Chiefs or a reserve band office - though these groups don’t always have structures in place to facilitate Land Back initiatives. In other cases, there are organizations that have been created for the purpose of facilitating action towards Land Back.” Next to this text is a rendering of a house with a black-and-white portrait of an elderly person’s face above it.

2. Land trusts & taxes. By Riley Yesno. The Sogorea Te’ Land Trust was launched in 2015 by two Indigenous women: Corrina Gould and Johnella LaRose. A land trust is a non-profit organization that aquires land in order to help protect it; Sogorea Te’ is just one of many land trusts on Turtle Island that are returning land to Indigenous communities.”  Next to this text is a rendering of a log-based structure with a few plants next to it, with the skyline of a city in the background.

3. Permits. By Riley Yesno. Land Back may not always look like returning physical land, though. It can also mean that Indigenous people are able to exercise their rights to self-government on their lands and enforce laws and regulations in ways they see fit.” Next to this text is a map of rivers with patches of green and red land. A symbol of a dreamcatcher with a mountain range, a horseback rider holding up a bow, a flying bird, and a rising sun in the middle.

4. Housing. By Xicotencatl Maher Lopez. Land Back means being able to live safely and well on the land, considering the needs of both present-day people and generations to come. But on and off reserves, housing for Indigenous people is often overcrowded, poorly maintained, and built from shoddy materials. A 2014 study shows that in some Canadian cities, over 90 per cent of those living on the streets are Indigenous. But many Indigenous communities are fighting this crisis by taking housing into their own hands. One example is the One House Many Nations (OHMN) project.” Next to the text is a rendering of a house with a wheelchair ramp leading up to the door. A symbol of a black circle with red center and a white fist holding a black feather is off to the left of the rendering.

/end ID]

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On poverty:

Starting from nothing

Understanding why people are poor

Developing compassion for poor people

Correcting income inequality

On intersectional social issues:

Reproductive rights

Gender equality

Queer issues

Racial justice

Youth issues

Identifying and combatting abuse

On mental health:

Understanding mental health issues

Coping with mental health issues

On saving the planet:

Changing the system

Shopping smarter

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Anonymous asked:

I know it’s not your job to educate people on your culture or anything, but I’m struggling to find any information on modern Romani culture outside of some old YouTube videos. Do you have any recommendations for websites, books, documentaries, etc. that you feel have good representation or are by Romani creators?

The majority of Romani in English-speaking countries are, to some degree, closeted. This is for our safety. Unfortunately, it means that (out) Romani content creators are few and far between. I hope this helps a bit.

***

A few resources you might find useful:

There’s a lot to love about this little-known documentary, in my opinion. The first thing most people notice is that the English Romany man they’re interviewing lives, works, looks, and sounds exactly like his gadjo neighbors... and yet, he still faces local and systemic prejudice. He also explains the difference between Irish Travellers and Romany. Highly recommended.

Pavlovic is a well-known activist, and her talk here is very powerful.

Bogdan doesn’t have many videos up on her channel yet, but she’s open about her Romani heritage and her perspective is interesting.

Exactly what it says on the tin, from a reputable source.

First-hand account of what it’s like to be Romani in the United States. Lots of discussion of stereotypes and misconceptions, particularly in media.

This book is a classic of Romani literature and history. A mix of prose, poetry, and history from Romani around the world. Excellent.

***

Here are examples of sources that need to be watched more critically:

This is Vice News report (with nearly 1.8 million views) focused specifically on Romani living in and emigrating from Romania. It falls into a few racist traps by interviewing Roma who are struggling the most, likely for shock value. This is common in British media, particularly.

Few of the Romani interviewed speak English. Most are very dark-skinned, which is only one of the many skin tones for Romani. They don’t interview any Romani with jobs. While the stories they’re covering are important and true, they don’t balance the narrative with Romani who are working, going to school, buying property. These are the kinds of problematic tropes even sympathetic reporting easily falls into.

This video has 1.3 million views. Most of the facts here are right, but utterly devoid of context. For example, the host discusses Romani “tendencies to display their wealth and fortune, rather than saving the money in banks.” This is technically true, but ignores the fact that Romani have always struggled to get a bank account. Without a permanent address and/or credit, this can be impossible in some countries. Historically, many Roma didn’t trust banks because they had to sign all their paperwork in languages they couldn’t read. Romani also hate debt on principle, so they don’t like to take out loans.

It’s important to understand the bias of the sources being used to fact-check. The host here states outright that more Romani are settled into permanent housing now, but displays image after image of traveling families. Again, be mindful of this kind of subconscious racism.

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magz-archive

Web Accessibility

What is it?

Answer:

It’s how available and functional websites and web apps are to users.
Usually associated with those with physical disabilities that impair things like seeing, hearing, cognition, and motor skills; but also applies to usability in other contexts like being on mobile or having slow internet connection.

Why is it important?

Answer:

Websites and web apps being usable to the user should be a priority, otherwise the purpose of a website is less likely to be fulfilled and frustration with using it decreases the desire to use it or can prevent a user from accessing content properly.
Web accessibility benefits all users, whether disabled or not.

How do I start making web content accessible?

Answer:

W.3.C. has provided some guidelines for best practices when creating a website.
A website doesn’t have to limit their colors or fonts or not use fancy U.I.s at all, but should at least have something to fallback on in case it cannot be used or if it can’t be used in a certain way with a mouse or good display screen or quick loading times like originally intended.
Below, I will provide a couple resources to start implementing recommended techniques for accessible web content. Further research beyond the list is recommended for more in-depth knowledge.

Resources

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garadinervi

«At the Internet Archive, this is how we digitize a book. We never destroy a book by cutting off its binding. Instead, we digitize it the hard way—one page at a time. We use the Scribe, a book scanner our engineers invented, along with the software that it runs. Our scanning centers are located in universities and libraries around the world, from Boston Public Library to the University of Toronto to the Wellcome Library and beyond. Eliza is one of our fastest and most accurate scanners. Next she will execute quality control checks and fix any errors. Then she ships the book back to our Physical Archive for long-term preservation. Now imagine this: scanners like Eliza have done this 2,000,000 times. That’s what it takes to provide you with a free digital library.» – Plus Internet Archive’s Modern Book Collection Now Tops 2 Million Volumes, by Chris Freeland, February 3, 2021

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rudescience

Since you read that, the internet archive does so much more than just preserving knowledge, it’s one of those places that has helped me a lot. If you think what they’re doing is neat and are passionate about preserving all human information please donate to the Internet Archive:

They are hosting 70 petabytes of data and counting. All accessible to the public at no cost. Help keep it that way! 

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adultingrefs

Apocalypse Skills

edit: turns out I had linked the oilcloth tutorial video three times instead of the lye safety vid and lining the molds vid lmao whoops

Fiber Processing

Shearing a sheep with electric clippers, by hand, (electric shears article, hand shears article) Shearing Llama or alpaca by hand no restraints, with minimal restraints (llama article – couldn’t find written detailed process for shearing camelids, but it is much like shearing a sheep, just not 100%) Flax plant to linen fiber (article), dress a distaff (article) and spin by hand. Skirting fleece (article) Cleaning sheep wool (article) (collect lanolin from wool) Picking and carding alpaca fiber, llama fiber (combing method) (article for combing and carding all fleeces), DIY picker for mechanized picking. Picking fleece by hand, and carding vs combing, combing wool, carding wool Picking and combing cotton (no article here but cotton is pretty straightforward to clean–just get the seeds out. then card like fleece)

if you like this series consider dropping me a few pennies! paypal, kofi, cashapp

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star-anise

Soft skills for the apocalypse

Let’s face it, if the world ends, so many of us will flee somewhere else for safety that we’ll end right back up in communities again. There’s going to be more to it than growing your own food and knitting handspun socks.

I’m linking to resources, but a many of these skills, being interpersonal, are best taught in live trainings by professional instructors, where you can see and feel all the interpersonal dynamics going on in the room, and by experience, trying them out on real people in an educational setting.

When the world ends, it will be helpful to be able to::

Even small local pieces of activism today, like organizing a protest march or lobbying your municipal government to make public spaces more accessible, have a double reward: There’s the work you’re doing, and the skills you learn when you do it.

the assumption that people with violent killing skills should be given priority/power in a post-apocalyptic society is the reason it stays post-apocalyptic and doesn’t actually rebuild society

the assumption that people with violent killing skills should be given priority/power in a post-apocalyptic society is the reason it stays post-apocalyptic and doesn’t actually rebuild society

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anarchopuppy

How to start growing food for free

Growing your own food is a great way to become more independent from capitalist infrastructure, but if you’re spending hundreds of dollars just to get started it can almost feel counterproductive. There are plenty of great tutorials for making your own pots, garden boxes, rainwater collectors, composters, etc. from reclaimed materials, which can bring the cost down significantly, but the cost of the plants alone can really start to add up if bought from a nursery or garden store. 

So I’ve compiled a few ideas for getting your garden started for free. If you know of any other tricks, please feel free to add them in reblogs!

From food

  • Set aside the seeds from your produce bought from the grocery store. Just make sure the brand you’re buying from doesn’t contain terminator genes first. Organic or non-GMO is preferred.
  • Almost all dry beans can simply be planted in the ground and will most often sprout. They’re easy to grow in warmer climates and very hardy.
  • You can grow many potato plants from a single potato with eyes. Cut the potato into chunks with each chunk having an eye sprout, and place the chunks in the ground.
  • Numerous varieties of onions, brassica oleracea vegetables, and celery can be regrown from the base, after re-sprouting the plant in a dish of water for days.
  • Many root vegetables can be regrown from their leafy tops (which are also edible and tasty in salad). Carrots, radishes, beets, rutabagas, and more can be regrown from tops.
  • Pineapples can be regrown from their tops, if you live in the right climate or have a greenhouse/cold frame.
  • If you can, shop at your local farmer’s market and support local farmers, instead of big-name grocery stores!

From the wild

  • Look up edible plants that grow wild in your area and how to replant them. You can take seeds from any plant, obviously, but some can also be regrown from cuttings, suckers, scraps, etc.
  • Transplanting is also an option, but not preferable since it removes a plant from the environment.
  • Native plants are guaranteed to be a good fit for your environment, so this is a great lesser-care option.

From neighbors

  • Of course, the same methods that work for food/wild plants (planting seeds, growing from scraps or cuttings, etc) will also work for food and plants from friends’ gardens. If you know anyone already into gardening, ask them to help you get started! If you see someone gardening in your neighborhood, say hi!
  • Many fruit trees can be cloned from cuttings. Cut off a branch at a 45-degree angle, then soak the cut end in water for ~5 minutes before applying rooting hormone and placing it into potting soil. Caring for the clone and other specifics can vary by species, so do a quick search beforehand.
  • Grafting fruit trees is a millenia-old technique, wherein a cutting from a fruit tree is inserted into a hardier rootstock tree and bonded with a special wax. The tissues intermingle to form a single tree. Look online for tutorials, and be sure to take the proper precautions.
  • Organize a seed swap or seed bank in your area.
  • Found or join a chapter of Food Not Lawns, or a similar organization.

Stolen

  • Seed packets are small and easy to slip into your pocket when nobody is looking.
  • Some places (especially hardware stores) keep a lot of their gardening supplies outside, making it easy to liberate a few plants and even some soil or mulch. Wait at least 2 hours after close to make sure no employees are staying late, always mask up in case of cameras, and try to leave things relatively tidy (everything pulled to the front of the shelf) so there’s no suspicion in the morning.
  • Never steal from locally owned nurseries, farms, or your working-class neighbors!

(Thanks so much to @theradicalgardener for helping me with this list!)

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rumade

For free soil, there’s the regular route of starting a compost heap, but with the amount of food/garden waste produced by a single household it might not be enough so here’s some more tips for free soil:

  • Find a local riding stables or petting farm. Nearly all will let you have free manure. Try and get the best rotted stuff you can.
  • Clean out your gutters- those rotted leaves are a great soil booster!
  • Don’t just sweep up leaves from your garden- sweep up the ones that fall on the street/verges too (but not if you live somewhere with heavy traffic).
  • Ask your neighbours if they need garden help and boost your compost heap with their grass clippings and leaves.
  • Research your local council. They may have a municipal compost program with free or very cheap compost available.
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makeuptips-

Skincare

Beauty Myths

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I’m gonna take a moment to talk about the greenhouse link above. Greenhouses can be quite a bit of work, time, and money to build - and they take up space - so some thoughtful planning and research can ensure that whatever you build you’ll get the most out of. 

Most people, when first approaching greenhouses, just build a generic shed that has clear walls and a roof. That’s what you see in the blog post above, while the author kept mentioning how incredibly hot it is. The author is located in central Washington state, USA.

Greenhouse with no ventilation/cooling or heating or electricity or gas, in a hot climate summer climate, cool winter. While conventionally attractive, it is not particularly functional, and is only useful for a relatively short period of the year.

How best to design a greenhouse can depend on factors like climate and latitude. 

If your greenhouse is located someplace very cold, you’re looking at issues with heating it, or else not using it at all during that time. There’s multiple ways to heat greenhouses, traditionally methane or propane gas, although in emergencies, and if it is wired for electricity, electrical heat may be used. Some people have even used wood furnaces (this is less than ideal) For any place with long winters this quickly becomes very expensive. Thermal mass is the clever trick to solve most, if not all, (depending on climate) heating issues in winter - no fossil fuels or deforestation required.

If your greenhouse is located someplace very hot, you’re looking at issues with cooling it, or else not using it all during that time. There’s multiple ways to cool greenhouses - fans/vents and shade cloth being the most common. Thermal mass can also help with this issue too.  

My favorite website on greenhouses (which longtime readers may recognize) is Penn and Cord. Heating and cooling greenhouses so you can use them for more than 6 weeks a year can be very expensive and very energy intensive - unless you start looking at passive solar greenhouse designs, such as those by Penn and Cord. You do sacrifice some space in the back greenhouse for the thermal mass aka giant barrels of water.

Can be built out of used or scrap material.

Above, barrels are on the left, hidden behind the plants. Below, this is what the wall of barrels looks like before plant beds are installed.

These 55 gallon drums filled with water and painted black, all along the north wall, are the “battery” that keeps these greenhouses usable year round. The roof angles are designed so that these receive direct sunlight (hence why they are painted black) in the winter, the sun heats the water, and they help keep the greenhouse warm all winter long. They’re working at high elevations in Colorado which means 1) wild temperature fluctuations 2) it’s pretty cold in winter there, down to -30F/-34C. The barrels also modulate the hot temperatures in summer. There are variations around this idea, but hopefully the concept makes sense. Sometimes people will create the northern wall out of concrete, and then put the barrels or bottles of water in front of it, for a similar “battery” or modulating effect. The interiors are painted bright white, to reflect as much light as possible to the plants.

Granted, this extremely energy efficient and far more sustainable greenhouse style does not have the same “aesthetic”, but the space is actually far more usable. Penn and Cord and their crew are growing 365 days of the year, in greenhouses mostly made out of used materials. None of these greenhouses obviously have electricity or gas installed, but they don’t actually need it either, thanks to their clever and regionally-appropriate design.

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