Bare Foot Forward
Out of the 58 films from Walt Disney Animation Studios, approximately 13 of them feature at least one habitually barefoot character. The reasons, including symbolic ones, for these characters being without shoes varies, from them living in poverty to being purely innocent of something about their lives. Some characters have more than one reason for being barefoot, and in this analysis, I plan to explain my realizations.
Earthy Connection
One reason why some of the Disney characters go barefoot is because they are often shown to be close to nature and animals, which is because they live in places of nature, like jungles and forests. They tend to be deeply connected to animals (and may even have the ability to talk to them) and plants, and they are respectful of the land and the earth. Bare feet are probably used for this as people can literally feel the ground beneath them (therefore, you'll be "connected" to the earth), and they wouldn’t really have that feeling by wearing shoes or socks.
- Aurora - In Sleeping Beauty, Aurora grows up in the forest, where she befriends the animals who live there. The fact that she is barefoot from when she is first shown as a young woman until she returns home to her castle is meant to reflect her connection to the forest and its animal inhabitants.
- Mowgli - In The Jungle Book, Mowgli lives the first ten years of his life in the jungle of India with a family of wolves, and he can speak to and befriends many of the animals who inhabit it. His bare feet reflect his connection to his jungle home and animal friends and family.
- Ariel - In The Little Mermaid, Ariel is a mermaid princess living in Atlantica with a fascination of the human world and an ability to communicate with animals like all other merpeople. When Ursula transforms her into a human, Ariel is often shown being barefoot more than wearing shoes, perhaps to show her connection to nature as a mermaid by birth and her friendship with animals, including Flounder, Scuttle, and Sebastian.
- Pocahontas - In Pocahontas, the titular character, her friend Nakoma, and most of her people, especially the women, are barefoot, apparently to show their connection with and respect to their native, earthy land settling. This is contrasted with John Smith and the land-ownership-happy English settlers in the movie, all of whom wear shoes.
- Tarzan - In Tarzan, the titular character grows up with gorillas in an African jungle, and he learns to communicate with them as well as most of the other animals that reside there. Tarzan’s connection to his jungle home is reflected by his bare feet and lack of basic human clothing. He briefly wears his father’s old suit and shoes when he decides to go to England with the Porters, but removes them and returns to wearing his loincloth and being barefoot to show his rejection of society and preference to remain in the jungle.
- Mama Odie - In The Princess and the Frog, Mama Odie is a voodoo priestess who is barefoot because her magic is connected to nature. This is fitting since she lives in a tree located deep in the New Orleans bayou and has the ability to communicate with animals, including Louis, Ray, and Tiana and Naveen in their frog forms.
- Moana - In Moana, the titular character, her family, and the rest of their people live on the island of Motunui. Similar to the Powhatans in Pocahontas, Moana and her people are barefoot to show their connection with and respect to their earthy island home.
Social Isolation
A couple of Disney characters grow up in places where they are almost to entirely isolated from humans and society, leaving them with limited to no access to things like clothes and shoes.
- Aurora - Having grown up in the forest with only the three fairies for human company, while also having been told not to leave or talk to strangers, Aurora’s social isolation may also account for her being devoid of footwear.
- Mowgli - Mowgli’s lack of contact with other people in his childhood leaves him devoid of clothes and shoes, and he wears only a loincloth and is always completely barefoot.
- Tarzan - Much like Mowgli, Tarzan grows up in the jungle and without human contact until he reaches adulthood, leaving him barefoot and his loincloth being his only form of clothing.
- Rapunzel - In Tangled, Rapunzel grows up in the tower where she is kept isolated from the outside world and never leaves until she turns 18. This is one reason why she never wears shoes.
Innocence/Ignorance
According to Wikipedia, bare feet have come to symbolize innocence or childhood in a glorifying perception of freedom from real-life requirements. A few Disney characters who are habitually barefoot are likely so because they contain a degree of innocence, if not ignorance, about themselves and their lives.
- Aurora - Aurora is born a princess, but after being cursed by the evil fairy Maleficent, the good fairies Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather take into hiding and raise her in an abandoned cottage in the woods. Before she learns of her true identity as a princess, Aurora is always barefoot, which may also be to reflect her innocence and ignorance of her royal heritage.
- Ariel - Ariel is barefoot during most of her scenes after she is transformed into a human, which may represent her total innocence at acting and behaving like a human after having lived in the sea as a mermaid all her life.
- Tarzan - Having been raised by apes in the jungle all his life without ever seeing another human before he meets Jane, her father, and Clayton, Tarzan grows up completely ignorant and innocent of the fact that he is a human, not a gorilla.
- Rapunzel - Rapunzel is born the princess of Corona, but is kidnapped by Gothel as a baby and grows up believing Gothel is her mother. Like Aurora before her, Rapunzel is barefoot in all of her scenes to reflect her complete innocence and ignorance of her true identity as Corona’s missing princess.
Poverty
A few Disney characters are almost always barefoot in their films because they are poor and simply cannot afford them.
- Aurora - Because she has been raised as a simple peasant who has never left the woods, this may be another reason why Aurora goes barefoot as she walks through the forest.
- Aladdin - In Aladdin, the titular character is a poor thief, so he is barefoot until he makes his first wish and dons his Prince Ali disguise (though Aladdin is reduced to being shoeless again after Jafar uses his magic to undo his disguise).
- Esmeralda - In The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Esmeralda is a poor gypsy and, like Aladdin, her bare feet reflect this status.
- Ralph: In Wreck-It Ralph, Ralph being barefoot may reflect his status as a poor homeless bum within his game Fix-It Felix Jr.
Miscellaneous
- Kida - In Atlantis: The Lost Empire, Kida and almost all of her people go barefoot, presumably because they lived long before shoes were invented.
- Lilo and Nani - In Lilo & Stitch, these two sisters normally don't wear shoes when at home, which is likely due to a Hawaiian tradition of people going barefoot while in their homes.
- Ralph - Although Ralph may be barefoot to reflect his poor "Wild Man” status, it may really only be because his feet are so enormous and there are no shoes large enough to fit his feet. While he lives in a better home in Ralph Breaks the Internet, he still does not wear shoes, which seems to confirm his foot size being the main reason.
- Moana - Similar to Atlantis: The Lost Empire, Moana, Maui, and the former’s tribe live in a time before shoes were invented, during ancient Polynesia, and this is why they are always barefoot.