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The Earth Story

@earthstory / earthstory.tumblr.com

This is the blog homepage of the Facebook group "The Earth Story" (Click here to visit our Facebook group). “The Earth Story” are group of volunteers with backgrounds throughout the Earth Sciences. We cover all Earth sciences - oceanography, climatology, geology, geophysics and much, much more. Our articles combine the latest research, stunning photography, and basic knowledge of geosciences, and are written for everyone!
We hope you find us to be a unique home for learning about the Earth sciences, and we hope you enjoy!
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What are Reindeer Really Doing for Christmas? Santa may be surprised to learn that reindeer, also called caribou, don’t like deep snow. In winter they mostly eat lichens, and deep snow makes it hard to find lichens (although one presumes Santa makes sure his reindeer have plenty to eat). When the snow starts to fall each winter, migrating caribou (some do not migrate) head south, with some herds traveling thousands of kilometers to their winter feeding grounds. The footpads of caribou will actually tighten, making the rim of their hooves more prominent, for better traction on snow and ice. The herd will stay in the winter feeding grounds until it is time for spring migration. - RE Photo Credit: Peupleloup https://www.flickr.com/photos/peupleloup/3192026602 Read More: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/caribou/ http://www.fws.gov/refuge/arctic/carcon.html

Source: facebook.com
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Reindeer Island Astronaut Chris Hadfield took this photo of Reindeer Island a few years ago when he was on the International Space Station. Reindeer Island is, a tiny and undeveloped island in the middle of Canada’s lake Winnipeg, one of the remnants of the larger Glacial Lake Agassiz that covered much of Central Canada as the ice sheets were melting 10,000 years ago. -JBB Image credit: Chris Hadfield https://tmblr.co/ZpMfPt2TEiJd0

Source: facebook.com
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What are Reindeer Really Doing for Christmas? Santa may be surprised to learn that reindeer, also called caribou, don’t like deep snow. In winter they mostly eat lichens, and deep snow makes it hard to find lichens (although one presumes Santa makes sure his reindeer have plenty to eat). When the snow starts to fall each winter, migrating caribou (some do not migrate) head south, with some herds traveling thousands of kilometers to their winter feeding grounds. The footpads of caribou will actually tighten, making the rim of their hooves more prominent, for better traction on snow and ice. The herd will stay in the winter feeding grounds until it is time for spring migration. - RE Photo Credit: Peupleloup https://www.flickr.com/photos/peupleloup/3192026602 Read More: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/caribou/ http://www.fws.gov/refuge/arctic/carcon.html

Source: facebook.com
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Where’s the reindeer landing strip?

This image, taken by the Operational Land Imager on the Landsat 8 spacecraft, shows a couple small, unassuming towns along the southern coastline of Turkey. Demre, formerly known as Kale, has a population of about 25,000 and is something of a tourist destination due to its Mediterranean climate. However, today it is being featured for a different reason: this small community was the original home of Saint Nicholas. In the 3rd/4th century, this area was known as Myre; Demre today sits on the same site, where the Demre River meets the Mediterranean. Although it’s difficult to find exact details of the lives of people 1700 years ago, the man eventually known as Saint Nicholas served as the bishop in this community and developed a reputation for gift-giving.

The Catholic Church celebrated his reputation and sainthood with a feast in early December, along with churches and buildings in his name across Europe. The tales of his generosity evolved into traditions of gift-giving in parts of Europe, one eventually popularized in the United States under the name Santa Claus (aka Sint Klaes, aka Saint Nicholas).

-JBB

Source: facebook.com
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A VERY WARM CHRISTMAS FOR THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

For those of us in the Southern Hemisphere (around 10% of the global human population), this concept of a ‘white Christmas’ and wearing ugly Christmas jerseys is quite alien, as our Christmases are typically rather warm. If Santa was to wear the customary attire he is seen to wear in the Northern Hemisphere, he would soon find himself suffering from heat exhaustion. Perth, Australia is set to experience 29°C for Christmas Day while Alice Springs will get as high as 41°C; Christchurch NZ is hitting a high of 28°C (though there may be some showers), Auckland will get 24°C with rain (haha!); Johannesburg will hit 27°C; Harare 24°C; São Paulo 24°C; Santiago 31°C; and Buenos Aires 24°C. When the Northern Hemisphere experienced Winter Solstice, the Southern Hemisphere had their Summer Solstice.

Christmas for those of us in New Zealand and Australia typically involves lots of barbecues (the old ‘shrimp on the barbie’ for the Aussies), wearing jandals (flip-flops or thongs for the Aussies – yes that song years ago about ‘let me see that thong’ was confusing), wearing shorts/stubbies and a shirt as well as loads of sunscreen; unless you believe this guy who says the cancer society is behind the ‘ozone hole conspiracy’ to get more funding: http://yhoo.it/Qekj99. I got burnt being outside in the NZ sun for 15 minutes yesterday; the Sun must be conspiring with the cancer society. The Christmas period will also usually involve trips to the beach to cool in the heat or to surf. Children might run around on the back lawn in their togs (aka swimming costumes, 'cossies') while the sprinklers are on or wade in a paddling pool.

Santa won’t be coming down the chimneys in Christchurch, New Zealand – mainly because there aren’t many chimneys left after the earthquakes took care of them (http://on.fb.me/WIKpFQ). Some remnants of the chimneys may be residing on people’s back lawns, but mostly they’ve been worked into people’s gardens or recycled. In Christchurch we'll be drinking to each other's health using mis-matched glass sets, the remnants of wine and beer glass sets that were broken by the quakes.

In the Southern Hemisphere we do however still have Christmas trees, and presents under the Christmas trees. We just celebrate Christmas by being outside a lot.

To all those in the Southern Hemisphere: have a fantastic Christmas in the Sun and don’t forget your sunscreen! To those of you in the Northern Hemisphere: have a fantastic Christmas in the cold and enjoy your ugly sweaters! To those of you not celebrating Christmas: Have a happy Monday!

For a handy guide as to when togs become undies: http://bit.ly/plC5A

Here are some Australian Christmas Carols to ‘enjoy’: http://bit.ly/ui3fvS

Great Christmas song from Tim Minchin: http://bit.ly/5NEUvO

For more on the ozone depletion over Antarctica and its effects on the countries bordering it: http://on.fb.me/S5ZZcf

-TEL

Source: facebook.com
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Tracking Santa with Radar and Satellites It’s become tradition for the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) to track Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. NORAD is a joint military organization of the United States and Canada responsible for things like air defense and tracking missiles, so how did they end up tracking Santa? In 1955, when NORAD was known as Continental Air Defense Command (CONAD), a Colorado Springs newspaper mixed up the phone number in an advertisement. The ad was supposed to be a direct line for kids to call Santa; instead the children ended up calling Colonel Harry Shoup's secret phone line at CONAD. Colonel Shoup must have been very surprised to hear a little child’s voice on a phone line that was only supposed to be known to top-ranking military officials, but he took it in stride and didn’t want to disappoint the children, so he put a couple of airmen on the phone to pretend to be Santa. The airmen had a big glass board that they used to track airplanes, and as a joke, they drew Santa’s sleigh on it. When Colonel Shoup saw it, he took things one step further and called a local radio station to inform them CONAD was seeing an unidentified flying object, and it appears to be a sleigh. After that the radio station called him back every hour to track Santa’s progress, and a tradition was born. Now over 1,250 American and Canadian military personal volunteer their time on December 24 to take calls and answer emails from around the world as NORAD tracks Santa’s trip around the world. NORAD tracks Santa using every tool at their disposal. First, they use their radar system which uses radio waves to determine distance, direction, and speed of Santa’s sleigh. Next, they use satellites with infrared sensors that can see heat. NORAD claims the nose of Rudolph the Red-Nose Reindeer is especially easy to see in infrared. More recently, as part of moving Santa tracking to the web, NORAD says they also have Santacams that they use on Christmas Eve only so they can see him, and they even send jets to wave hello to him and take his picture. - RE Photo Credit: Still from NORAD’s “2014 Norad Tracks Santa Trailer” https://www.youtube.com/user/NORADTracksSanta Read More: http://www.norad.mil/ http://www.noradsanta.org/ http://www.npr.org/2014/12/19/371647099/norads-santa-tracker-began-with-a-typo-and-a-good-sport

Avatar

A VERY WARM CHRISTMAS FOR THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

For those of us in the Southern Hemisphere (around 10% of the global human population), this concept of a ‘white Christmas’ and wearing ugly Christmas jerseys is quite alien, as our Christmases are typically rather warm. If Santa was to wear the customary attire he is seen to wear in the Northern Hemisphere, he would soon find himself suffering from heat exhaustion. Perth, Australia is set to experience 31°C for Christmas Day while Buenos Aires  is forecast to reach 26°C. When the Northern Hemisphere experienced Winter Solstice, the Southern Hemisphere had their Summer Solstice.

Christmas for those of us in New Zealand and Australia typically involves lots of barbecues (the old ‘shrimp on the barbie’ for the Aussies), wearing jandals (flip-flops or thongs for the Aussies – yes that song years ago about ‘let me see that thong’ was confusing), wearing shorts/stubbies and a shirt as well as loads of sunscreen; unless you believe this guy who says the cancer society is behind the ‘ozone hole conspiracy’ to get more funding: http://yhoo.it/Qekj99. I got burnt being outside in the NZ sun for 15 minutes yesterday; the Sun must be conspiring with the cancer society. The Christmas period will also usually involve trips to the beach to cool in the heat or to surf. Children might run around on the back lawn in their togs (aka swimming costumes, 'cossies') while the sprinklers are on or wade in a paddling pool.

Santa won’t be coming down the chimneys in Christchurch, New Zealand – mainly because there aren’t many chimneys left after the earthquakes took care of them (http://on.fb.me/WIKpFQ). Some remnants of the chimneys may be residing on people’s back lawns, but mostly they’ve been worked into people’s gardens or recycled. In Christchurch we'll be drinking to each other's health using mis-matched glass sets, the remnants of wine and beer glass sets that were broken by the quakes.

In the Southern Hemisphere we do however still have Christmas trees, and presents under the Christmas trees. We just celebrate Christmas by being outside a lot.

To all those in the Southern Hemisphere: have a fantastic Christmas in the Sun and don’t forget your sunscreen! To those of you in the Northern Hemisphere: have a fantastic Christmas in the cold and enjoy your ugly sweaters! To those of you not celebrating Christmas: Have a happy Tuesday!

For a handy guide as to when togs become undies: http://bit.ly/plC5A

Here are some Australian Christmas Carols to ‘enjoy’: http://bit.ly/ui3fvS

Great Christmas song from Tim Minchin: http://bit.ly/5NEUvO

For more on the ozone depletion over Antarctica and its effects on the countries bordering it: http://on.fb.me/S5ZZcf

-TEL

Image: Public domain http://www.metservice.com/national/home; http://www.bom.gov.au/; http://www.weathersa.co.za/web/Home.asp?mw=w&f; http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/

Source: facebook.com
Avatar

Tracking Santa with Radar and Satellites

It’s become tradition for the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) to track Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. NORAD is a joint military organization of the United States and Canada responsible for things like air defense and tracking missiles, so how did they end up tracking Santa?

In 1955, when NORAD was known as Continental Air Defense Command (CONAD), a Colorado Springs newspaper mixed up the phone number in an advertisement. The ad was supposed to be a direct line for kids to call Santa; instead the children ended up calling Colonel Harry Shoup's secret phone line at CONAD. Colonel Shoup must have been very surprised to hear a little child’s voice on a phone line that was only supposed to be known to top-ranking military officials, but he took it in stride and didn’t want to disappoint the children, so he put a couple of airmen on the phone to pretend to be Santa. The airmen had a big glass board that they used to track airplanes, and as a joke, they drew Santa’s sleigh on it. When Colonel Shoup saw it, he took things one step further and called a local radio station to inform them CONAD was seeing an unidentified flying object, and it appears to be a sleigh. After that the radio station called him back every hour to track Santa’s progress, and a tradition was born. Now over 1,250 American and Canadian military personal volunteer their time on December 24 to take calls and answer emails from around the world as NORAD tracks Santa’s trip around the world.

NORAD tracks Santa using every tool at their disposal. First, they use their radar system which uses radio waves to determine distance, direction, and speed of Santa’s sleigh. Next, they use satellites with infrared sensors that can see heat. NORAD claims the nose of Rudolph the Red-Nose Reindeer is especially easy to see in infrared. More recently, as part of moving Santa tracking to the web, NORAD says they also have Santacams that they use on Christmas Eve only so they can see him, and they even send jets to wave hello to him and take his picture.

  • RE

Photo Credit: Still from NORAD’s “2014 Norad Tracks Santa Trailer” https://www.youtube.com/user/NORADTracksSanta

Read More: http://www.norad.mil/ http://www.noradsanta.org/ http://www.npr.org/2014/12/19/371647099/norads-santa-tracker-began-with-a-typo-and-a-good-sport

Dear Readers, Most of our posts are not reaching your news feed due to fb's filtering system. If you wish to enjoy our posts more often, use the following for information on how to go about it: http://tmblr.co/Zyv2Js1VWMUJ0.

Source: facebook.com
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What are Reindeer Really Doing for Christmas?

Santa may be surprised to learn that reindeer, also called caribou, don’t like deep snow. In winter they mostly eat lichens, and deep snow makes it hard to find lichens (although one presumes Santa makes sure his reindeer have plenty to eat).

When the snow starts to fall each winter, migrating caribou (some do not migrate) head south, with some herds traveling thousands of kilometers to their winter feeding grounds. The footpads of caribou will actually tighten, making the rim of their hooves more prominent, for better traction on snow and ice. The herd will stay in the winter feeding grounds until it is time for spring migration.

  • RE

Photo Credit: Peupleloup https://www.flickr.com/photos/peupleloup/3192026602

Read More: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/caribou/ http://www.fws.gov/refuge/arctic/carcon.html

Source: facebook.com
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What to Give/ what NOT to Give a Geologist for Christmas?

Christmas shopping for that special someone is sooooo hard! And when that “someone” is a geologist, this does not make things any easier. We are a picky breed – yes, picking up rocks everywhere, but you gotta realize, these aren't just ANY rocks, they have to be that certain special “picky” kind of rock only a geologist can love!

--Do not give a geologist a “pretty crystal sample” from a rock shop. Yes, we do love rock shops, and we love to look and browse, but if you note what’s on the geologist’s desk (mine in particular), you’ll notice that our samples are rarely “pretty.” In fact, they look quite ugly to the non-geologist; we like to collect our own samples, especially the “ugly” kinds that make other geologists “ooh” and “ahhh!” in envy.

--If you must give a sample of something geologic, an ammonite is always appreciated.

--Or a diamond.

--A fifty-power pocket microscope. Not terribly expensive, and if the geologist doesn't yet have one, it’s because he/she’s been too stubborn to buy him/herself one.

--Do not give field boots. Boots are a personal thing between the geologist and her… sole. Anyway, field boots should be tried on at one of those stores that have little fake mountains to climb to check their fit and potential behavior on rock slides.

--Do give socks. Field boot socks, nice ones, like trekkers and hunters have, that “wick” away the moisture (whatever that means) are always appreciated.

--If you love your geologist, give gaiters made of snake-bite impenetrable fabric. These are particularly encouraged for geologists who wear shorts in the field. Snake gaiters make a geologist’s shins bite-proof up to the knee: if snakes are about that want to bite higher than the geologist’s knees, the geologist should choose an alternate field area.

--A new Swiss Army knife, since a geologist always has broken off the tip of his/her old one trying to ascertain the hardness of chert.

--Some geologists lose hammers regularly, some never. However, even those who have never actually lost a hammer have had to go back over their tracks to retrieve a hammer from wherever it is they left it – usually they can see a photo of it as hammers are commonly used to show scale in pictures (the geologists who lose their hammers have lots of photos of the last time they saw their rock hammer). A GPS device that attaches to one’s rock hammer would be very useful, if these exist… well, I don’t think they do. In lieu of such a device, a GPS tracker would make searching for that hammer a lot easier. And, of course, a lot of other things as well.

--A police whistle. These are great for making the kind of noise that warns away bears before the geologist blunders into one; they can also be used to “tweet” for help when out of cell phone range or to locate a lost field partner; they’re great for helping round up students and getting them back on the bus.

--A field vest. A geologist cannot have too many pockets. Remember this when buying a field vest as a gift. Pockets, pockets, pockets… MORE pockets!

--A sling-shot. I, personally, have used one to discourage the ravenous attacks of Greek sheep dogs, but they work just as well for other noxious creatures. Such as cows, that can be quite frightening when up close in the field (their field, actually). Also one can spend time target practicing on trees while waiting to be picked up.

--While I don’t know of a geologist anywhere who would turn down a gift of a new field vehicle (other people call them 4x4’s, we call them vehicles), geologists are practical folk who understand that even Santa hasn't got that kind of cash on hand no matter how much he loves us.

He does love us, doesn’t he? Every year he gives us the entire earth as our Christmas present!

Annie R. Image – mine, of course. The tree is about 60 degrees from original horizontality.

Other places with geology gift suggestions: http://blogs.agu.org/georneys/2010/12/04/what-to-buy-a-geologist-for-christmas/ http://geology.about.com/od/activitiesbasics/a/giftideas.htm http://www.ukge.eu/EN/?gclid=CIChufzyprQCFYlb3godsjcAMw http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/ http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/publications

Source: facebook.com
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