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The Earth Story

@earthstory / earthstory.tumblr.com

This is the blog homepage of the Facebook group "The Earth Story" (Click here to visit our Facebook group). “The Earth Story” are group of volunteers with backgrounds throughout the Earth Sciences. We cover all Earth sciences - oceanography, climatology, geology, geophysics and much, much more. Our articles combine the latest research, stunning photography, and basic knowledge of geosciences, and are written for everyone!
We hope you find us to be a unique home for learning about the Earth sciences, and we hope you enjoy!
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Original caption:

 "Before my wife went to medical school, we wanted to have one last spontaneous trip. It was my first time going to Colorado, and we only had about four days to see all that we possibly could. We didn't plan on filming any video, let alone make a traveling video like this. In fact, we didn't even film for most of our hikes out. On the last day, we decided to film a bit more. While 90% of this is from our last day of hiking for 14 miles through Rocky Mountain National Park, there are a few other shots snuck in from camping in the Blue Lakes in Telluride. The film is simply meant to document our trip, and share some of the beauty we had the privilege of witnessing."
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Trump Administration Authorizes 'Cyanide Bombs' to Kill Feral Hogs. Seriously.

One of my readers shared this with me and it’s relevant since many geologists are out at random spots in the field. Notably, this is “renewing” the authorization to use these things, not allowing something new, but I’m not sure I want to randomly run into one of these on a ranch somewhere. https://earther.gizmodo.com/trump-administration-authorizes-cyanide-bombs-to-kill-f-1837086560/amp

On Thursday the Trump administration authorized another weapon in America’s war on the hordes of 30 to 50 feral hogs running through yards and terrorizing our nation’s children: “cyanide bombs.”
That’s what critics call M-44s, traps used by federal agencies like Wildlife Services to kill coyotes, foxes, and other wild animals ranchers and farmers would consider pests. The spring-loaded devices got their moniker from the sodium cyanide—i.e. poison—they spray when triggered.
After finishing its first round of a review Tuesday, the Environmental Protection Agency reauthorized the government’s use of these traps nationwide, the Guardian reported. That is, at least until 2021, when the EPA plans to hand down its final verdict regarding M-44s.
These “cyanide bombs” have earned plenty of detractors over the years. Wildlife Services reported killing around 6,500 wild animals with the devices in 2018, but the device’s indiscriminate triggering has also reportedly led to the deaths of endangered animals and household pets. More than 200 animals were unintentionally killed by M-44s in 2018, according to the USDA data.
One such case captured the nation’s attention in 2017. That year, a teenager in Idaho accidentally set off an M-44 while on a hike with his dog. The device injured him and killed his dog instantly, prompting Mansfield’s parents to sue Wildlife Services. After several environmental groups followed suit, the agency temporarily stopped using M-44s in Colorado and Idaho.
While a vehement campaign from conservation groups demanding a ban didn’t sway the EPA’s decision Tuesday, the agency did tack on new restrictions. Among other measures, M-44s can no longer be placed within 100 feet of a public road or trail.
By the looks of that USDA data, “cyanide bombs” don’t take out anywhere near the 30 to 50 feral hogs threatening rural Americans yards on what I can only assume is an hourly basis. So this week’s viral Twitter question remains unanswered.
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Well, every part of this sounds terrible.

These poor bears were rescued from unimaginable horrors. Thousands of these moon bears as well as sun bears are used for #BearBile farming across #China and #Vietnam as well as South Korea, Laos and Myanmar. They're often called battery bears because they're kept in captivity to harvest their bile for use in #TraditionalChineseMedicine _ They're locked in cages so small they can't sit upright or turn around while their bile is stolen via catheters for use in bogus medicines. They're typically starved and dehydrated and the painful, invasive methods used for bile extraction can cause them to lose limbs and go blind. They suffer from extreme physical, mental and emotional abuse all their lives. Some bears are caught as cubs and may be kept in these conditions for over 20 years. Thank you @AnimalsAsia for rescuing so many bears from this horrific abuse. _ Caption @a_lallie Video #Repost @animalsasia #AnimalsAsia
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Oil Series Part 3- Locating and Extracting At this stage you have a complete petroleum system. Over thousands of years the trap accumulates more and more petroleum becoming what is known as “charged”. This is what petroleum geologists want! Other geological processes such as plate tectonics and sea level rise/fall going on throughout this period means that the systems can be found on land or at sea today.  The first thing geologists look for is what’s known as sedimentary basins (sites of large sediment accumulation and burial) where vast reservoir rocks are found. The petroleum systems in these more modern times are located by a whole arsenal of quite complex tools such as geological mapping, satellite imagery, wire logging, core sampling, gravity, magnetic and seismic surveys (see links for more on this). Once data has been collected through these tools it is fed through powerful computers and their software modeling programs, which are able to transform the numerical and 2D data into a 3D model of the area below the surface. Calculations such STOIIP (see links) can be made to determine the size of each system and whether it is cost effective to continue. Also depending on how remote the area and/or how deep the water is can dramatically affect the future profit. Should the oil company deem it sufficiently profitable they normally bid on government owned blocks to acquire drilling rights to that area. Infrastructure such as pipelines, roads drilling platforms and workers accommodation must be designed and built around the area before full scale drilling can begin.  By this point other companies would be onto the find and be moving into the areas nearby. If the company can set up a pipeline first they can charge others for use and regain some of the initial costs. Once everything has been set up and a workforce established drilling begins, bringing the endeavor into the stage known as production. Part 4 will focus on declining extraction rates, peak oil and other petroleum-based alternatives. -Matt J This is part 3 of a mini series on oil, if you haven’t already please read part 1 and 2 of the story. Part 2 is here and links to part 1: http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=426164590777924&set=a.352867368107647.80532.352857924775258&type=1&theater More on techniques used to locate the oil: http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/oil-drilling2.htm STOIIP calculation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_in_place Photo courtesy of http://gazprom-sh.nl/sakhalin-2/

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