“When the sixth [child] is about to arrive, Rheia appeals to Gaia and Ouranos — who seem now on more amiable terms with each other— for a plan to save him. Following their counsel, she goes to Lyktos on Krete to deliver Zeus, and hands him over to Gaia to rear, while she herself gives Kronos a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes to swallow (Th 463–91). Hesiod adds to this account only that Zeus grew swiftly, but the Eumolpia of "Mousaios" says that he was given to Themis, his aunt, who in turn gave him to Amaltheia, who had a goat nurse him (2B8, apud Katast 13). The account of Ps-Eratosthenes from which this last information is drawn goes on to claim that the goat in question was a child of Helios, with an appearance much feared by the Titans, who requested Gaia to hide her in a cave on Krete. Gaia did so, but also gave her into Amaltheia's safekeeping. Subsequently, in this same account, Zeus is advised that the skin of that goat will protect him in his battle with the Titans, being invulnerable and much feared by them (it has as well a Gorgoneion on its back). Our epitome of the Katasterismoi goes no further than this, but Hyginus (Astr 2.13.4) provides the clearly intended conclusion that this skin is the aigis, and both Hyginus and the Germanicus scholia make it the source of Zeus' epithet aigiochos.
Kallimachos (Hymn 1.47–48) seems the first to assign the name "Amaltheia" to the goat itself; so too Eb Iliad 15.229, which offers much the same information as Ps-Eratosthenes, with the addition that Themis was the source of the advice to use the skin of the goat as protection. Ovid (like most other authors) returns us to the idea that Amaltheia was the owner of the goat; he adds, however, that the goat broke one of her horns against a tree, and that Amaltheia carried the horn, filled with fruits, to the child Zeus (Fasti 5.111-28). This seems the earliest preserved source we have to relate this origin of the horn of plenty, but already in the Archaic period Anakreon has referred to "the horn of Amaltheia" as something highly desirable (361 PMG; likewise Phokylides (fr 7 Diehl]), and Pherekydes says that it had the power to furnish whatever food and drink one might desire (3F42). ...
Returning to the matter of Zeus' infancy, we find in the Epimenidean Theogony that the god turns himself into a snake and his nurses into bears to deceive Kronos, and is nursed together with Aigikeros, who aids him against the Titans (3B23, 24). Ps-Eratosthenes, our source for the latter point, adds that this Aigikeros was sprung from Aigipan with Aix (or "the goat") as mother, and had horns and the tail of a fish, the latter appropriately since he used a conch shell to frighten the Titans (Katast 27). He was, of course, made into a constellation for his services, Aigikeros to the Greeks, Capricornus to the Romans (Astr 2.28).
Far better known than this figure, however, and probably much more crucial to Zeus' safety, are the Kouretes, the attendants of his mother who supposedly clashed their weapons to drown out his cries. If Korinna could be dated to the Archaic period, she would constitute valuableearly evidence for their existence, for she says that they hid the god from Kronos (654 PMG). Otherwise we have nothing at all until the poem of“ Epimenides on the birth of the Kouretes and Korybantes (a poem that may have prefaced the Epimenidean Theogony), and nothing of any substance until Euripides. This last poet's Kretes links the Kouretes with Idaian Zeus, Zagreus, and the "mountain mother" (fr 472 N2) while Bakchai 120–34 may allude to their protective role. For the concrete action of concealing Zeus' infant cries by the clashing noise of their weapons, however, our first source is again Kallimachos (Hymn 1.51–53). ... Both Kallimachos (Hymn 1.46) and Apollonios (3.133) speak too of a nurse Adrasteia (another name for Nemesis?), and Apollodoros adds to her Ida, both as daughters of Melisseus (ApB 1.1.6-7; see Appendix A for possible Orphic sources). In Hyginus, the account of the noisemaking of Kouretes or Korybantes is prefaced by a story in which Kronos has cast Poseidon into the sea and Hades down to the Underworld, rather than swallowing them; Hera (also not swallowed) then asks her mother to give her the child Zeus when he is born, and Rheia substitutes the stone for Kronos to swallow (Fab 139). Kronos soon discovers the trick but cannot find the child, suspended as he is in a cradle between sky, earth, and sea by Amaltheia.””
- Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources by Timothy Gantz