Could Minecraft Steve survive on Alternia?
Alright, first thing's first, lets get some rules out of the way. I'm assuming this is a hardmode playthrough, so respawns are out. That aside, I'm going to be fairly lenient when it comes to gameplay mechanics here. I'm assuming Steve is strong enough to punch down trees as in the game and that he can indeed survive getting shot with arrows on vital areas like in the game. Similarly, stuff like "not dying from a horrible infection when eating rotten flesh" and "healing faster after having recently eaten" will be chalked up to his clearly superhuman physiology. That said, I'm not going to assume that Alternia will be running on Minecraft logic, so no floating blocks and everything isn't made out of cubes. Similarly, I'm not assuming mob bodies will just disappear or will just have set drops, Steve's gonna have to root around in those corpses to get what he needs. With that out of the way, let's break this down.
Now, Steve's first priority when he spawns in is going to be shelter. He needs somewhere to stay out of the sun, as Alternia's sunlight can easily burn him to a crisp. He has a few options here, each with their own drawbacks.
Towns will be ripe with resources he'll need to survive, such as building material and potentially bookcases he'll need to enchant his equipment. However, a lot of stuff trolls have aren't things he can easily use. There is no Minecraft equivalent to the fleshy substance their buildings are made of, so there isn't anything we can expect him to be able to craft with it. Nor can we expect him to understand the advanced technologies trolls have lying around their homes. Remember, Steve's world is mostly medieval, he's not gonna understand what a video game is. The closest Steve has ever gotten to technology is redstone and magic, which aren't exactly equivalent.
Secondly, most trolls aren't going to be willing to house a weird mute "hornless mutant" who punched a hole in their hive. In fact, most are liabel to attack him as soon as he enters their hives, if not on sight. While I am accepting of the premise that Steve is superhuman to a degree, so are trolls. Trolls kill each other as soon as they pop out of their eggs and don't even blink at the sight most the bizarre terrors Alternia throws at them on a nightly basis. If Steve tries to hole up in a hive, he's honna have a fight on his hands. This gets worse the higher up the caste system he gets. He'd struggles against an olive in his unarmored state. A purple? Forget it. He's dead.
However, living in a town or a hive has huge benefits. Whether Steve happens to find a friendly troll, like Mallek or Tyzias, who's willing to take him in, or is just able to inadvertently intimidate an antsy rust blood into housing him, any ally in this hellish nightmare world will be a huge boon. Even if communication will be limited, as Alternians have their own language and it's not clear how Steve communicates with villagers (does he speak in Villager noises?), any potential friends will be willing to teach Steve how to survive on Alternia. Explaining the caste system and what each caste does will be a big help, even if they have to mime it. Plus, he might even be able to move around with some level of impunity depending on his new friend's caste and quadrants. A teal blood could easily forge a few loopholes for him or a purple could just intimidate anyone who takes issue with his antics, provided Steve found a way to give them incentive to do so.
That said, Steve still has options even if he has to kill the hive's occupant. While Steve has no use for troll tech himself, he'd pretty quickly realize he can trade it for help and resources from other trolls, provided they don't try to kill him on sight. Furthermore, a place he can hole up in in a town or city will give Steve a chance to observe how trolls interact, letting him learn the caste system or see them in fights that way. Raiding the fridge would also be the easiest way for him to get food, as I don't see him having any issues eating Alternian cuisine. That said, if his victim had any quadrants who might want vengeance, Steve might find himself racking up a long list of enemies very quickly, especially as I don't think quadrants are a thing he'd be quick to understand.
The pros and cons here can be summed up in two words: Jade Bloods
If Steve spends any considerable amount of time below ground, he's liabel to come across the breeding caverns. The den in which young trolls are born and raised. These locals are rife with Jade Bloods, many of whom would are very protective of these young charges and would take great issue with a mutant stomping around their breeding grounds. While I am dubious as to Steve's ability to overcome a Jade without armor, even if he does, he'd only be digging himself deeper. If a Jade dies, they come back as a Rainbow Drinker, an undead psuedo vampire with even greater strength, speed, and bloodlust. Their ability to survive without vital organs makes them difficult to put down and their imperviousness to Alternia's sun ensures not even fire or sunlight can save Steve from their pursuit. They'd be a challenge for mid game Steve to overcome, he'd be helpless this early on.
Having said that, we have no reason to believe that Alternia's rock formations are any different from Earth's, so Steve should be able to find all the minerals he needs to craft his armors and swords below ground (sans netherite, of course). And, if he does luck out and find a friendly Jade, he should have all the boons of having a friendly troll on his side. See above.
This is honestly Steve's best option. If Steve goes into the woods to punch down trees like he normally does, he'd most likely have to contend with wild lusi. Dangerous, yes, but not compared to his other obstacles here. They're much more in line with Steve's regular opposition, as sans Illegers, very few of Steve's enemies are as coordinated as trolls are. While Steve can still find himself screwed if he wanders into a lusi to tough for him, as no where on Alternia is truly safe, he should ultimately be fine. Punch a tree, build a house, survivs the day. Typical routine.
Once his first night is survived, Steve will have to be cautious in how he expands. While there are many risky ways he can gather resources (see above), there are still numerous hazards he'll need to be prepared for across Alternia's brutal landscape.
The sun's heat can eventually be dealt with. Sooner or later, Steve will have access to fire resistance potions or, failing that, healing items that will allow him to survive during the day. Similarly, certain enchantments will help him deal with enemies that would otherwise give him issue. Smite can help him put down rainbow drinkers faster and any gear on iron's level or above should be sufficient in fighting them fairly. Alternia's poisonous fauna can be endured, as I have no reason to believe it is any worse than Minecraft's poisons, which also can't kill Steve. Similarly, even lusi on the level of Biclops would become merely annoying mini bosses once a certain level was reached with enchanted diamond armor.
However, certain threats would be deadly to Steve no matter his gear, and these threats can appear at any time.
Steve has absolutely no counter to acid rain. Potions of acid resistance aren't a thing and Steve's armor will get eaten through just as thoroughly as anything else. Steve's best bet is to nick an acid proof umbrella to endure it, which is possible via trading or looting.
Secondly, there's drones. You remember iron golems? Now imagine those, but they can fly and shoot missles. And they're always hostile. That about sums it up.
Cerulean bloods. While not as strong as higher castes, mind control makes them a big issue or Steve to deal with. While it has been stated that they can't control humans thanks to the way their brains work and Steve should fall close enough to human to be safe, they can still put people to sleep. Even for Steve, fighting someone while constantly falling asleep is going to be difficult even for Steve to deal with, as m, unfortunately, monsters being nearby won't save him this time.
Violet bloods. Undoubtedly the single strongest physical threat Steve can face aside from the "bosses", these sea dwellers can easily pummel through Steve's diamond armor in just a few hits. Their strength becomes even more problematic when they're in their element, as they're more than capable of out maneuvering Steve underwater. And if any of them have a rifle like Ahab's Crosshairs, then they could easily vaporize a fully armored Steve in one shot.
Gold bloods. Flight, telekinesis, and lasers are a bad combo. Steve's main methods of fighting flyers or hampered by telekinesis simply throwing his arrows to the side, while the golds can just stay out of Steve's range while shooting him with lasers. Fall resistance potions can help prevent from getting rag dolled, but Steve is gonna struggle to close the distance without giving his enemy some kind of debuff. Thankfully, Golds are comparatively frail once that gap is finally closed.
Purple Bloods. Mind control, super strength, and regeneration. The one combo worse than the above. Unlike Ceruleans, most purples don't abuse their mind control powers. Also, unlike Ceruleans, their mind powers have proven effective against humans, so Steve's fucked if those tricks are ever busted out. Even worse is that their healing matches his own even with potions, as they've been shown to survive getting their guts shredded with led. Never mind the physical strength they wield can easily rip him limb from limb if Steve encounters one under equipped.
And then there's the "bosses". Gl'bgolyb and the Heiress.
Gl'bgolyb is a full on eldritch abomination, beyond any Steve has come across before. Her voice could drive troll kind extinct and her whispers are only endured by tyrians. Any attempt Steve makes to fight this creature will get swept aside, as she is too massive and otherworldly for him to harm. Even with full netherite armor, I struggle to see a scenario where Steve survives and encounter, much less wins.
As for the Heiress. Imagine every problem listed with fighting the above castes multiplied. With the physical strength to tear Steve's diamond armor open, any Heiress would ragdoll the poor block man with no issues. The best case scenario is for Steve to meet an heiress like Feferi, but such a situation is unlikely. Unlike Gl'bgolyb, Steve at least has a chance to win, as he could potentially buff himself to hell and back while debuffing her to oblivion with potions. But, it would still be a hard fight.
So, in the end, no. Steve dropped in cold wouldn't survive Alternia. The big threats there are too numerous for him not to run into one before he's prepared to take them on. Steve's best bet is to treat Alternia like an end game realm, like the Nether or End. But, unfortunately, I feel like any "100 days hardcore survival" challenges would end on failure.