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The Disenfranchisement Of The Female Hero And The Case Of Harley Quinn

Written by Autumn Henderson-Brazie on Creators.co

My dad took me into our town's comic book shop when I was 8 years old as a special treat. It was my birthday and he was going to let me choose three new books. I had never personally purchased a comic book from the store before. My entire collection- extensive as it was- was gifted to me by my brother's godmother and was severely lacking in the updated adventures of the Gotham girls.

Batman was my favorite superhero at the time because of his respect for his female adversaries and and allies, all of which had distinct and fascinating characterization as well as interesting backstories.

My mission on that day was to find a story where Supergirl paid a visit to Gotham City. Barbara Gordon's Batgirl was awesome, of course, but I always felt like Poison Ivy was taking it easy on her. It seemed like Ivy beat herself or Harley tripped her up by accident more often than Batgirl actually won fair and square. I was ready to see a different match-up.

My dad told the clerk that I was looking for female superheroes and he directed us to a section in the back of the store. The comics starring women filled a single shelf. But I wasn't thinking about that at the time. The only thing I could think when I saw that sad little shelf, as an 8 year old who just wanted a fair fight for her favorite villain, was a single word: "boobs". 

Let me start off by acknowledging that this "PC culture" we're living in can at times be frustrating. It seems like somebody always has a problem with something, and their critiques are often so comically minute or specific that I find myself wondering why they even bothered putting in the effort required to complain. That being said, the hypersexualization of female characters is a real issue. With the presently extreme public interest in comic book films, it is time to update these drawings for a wider and more inclusive audience. 

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Top Political & Foreign Policy Lessons from Game of Thrones

SPOILERS for the first five seasons, including the season 5 finale

Written by Creator Brian Frydenborg on Creators.co

Varys: You have many admirable qualities- self-pity is not one of them. Any fool with a bit of luck can find himself born into power, but earning it for yourself? That takes work.

Tyrion Lannister: I'm not well-suited for work -

Varys: I think you are. You have your father's instincts for politics- and you have compassion.

Tyrion Lannister: Compassion? Yes. I killed my lover with my bare hands, I shot my own father with a crossbow!

Varys: I never said you were perfect.

Game of Thrones, the award-winning hit HBO series that keeps setting new internet piracy records, is an incredibly unique show for many reasons. And though it has dragons and magic and frozen zombies, one of the reasons it is so unique is that is dares to tell us harsh, uncomfortable lessons about the very real world in which we live. Below, ten of the most important and salient will be discussed.

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Ruby Slippers: Once Upon a Time Reveals Its First LGBTQ Romance

Written by Creator Peter Swann on Creators.co

If you listened carefully on Sunday night, you would’ve heard the sounds of viewers throwing their T.V. remotes at their screens or the resounding “click” as they turned off their televisions in anger. What has caused the latest national outcry? Naturally it’s two women sharing a kiss in the last episode of Once Upon a Time.

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Malick, Museums, And Mindset: How We Engage With Art

Written by Creator Josh Bradley

How do we engage with art?

A couple weeks ago, I did two seemingly-unrelated things over the course of four days. I went to art museum and I caught an advanced screening of Terrence Malick’s latest film, Knight of Cups (2016).

The movie has been described as an “experimental film”, but by Malick’s standards, it’s not experimental so much as…par for the course, as his last two movies were just as unorthodox. His 2011 film The Tree of Life found a relatively large audience (considering the alienating narrative style, or lack thereof), and even garnered Academy Award nominations for Best Picture and Best Director, but many were turned off by the movie’s pace, aloofness, and inscrutability.

Ditto for Malick’s follow up To the Wonder (2012). But one thing nearly everyone agrees on regarding those two movies and Knight of Cups: they’re beautiful to look at.

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A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away, there once was a princess that went by the name Leia Organa. Although a princess, she was not as delicate and fragile as many people believed a princess should be, she was strong and brave and unwavering. No matter what the Fates threw her way she never, not even once, was tempted by the Dark Side of the Force.

I think it is safe to say that those that have Skywalker blood running through their veins have a horrid tendency of falling prey to the Dark Side. It was Anakin Skywalker (A.K.A Darth Vader) who helped initiate the near total genocide of the Jedi Order and followed to cause unimaginable chaos and fear to spread across the galaxy. Kylo Ren, Anakin's grandson and Leia's own son, aided the First Order in the unprecedented destruction of numerous Republic planets. Even the great Jedi Master, Luke Skywalker, although only briefly, was tempted by the Dark Side. But Leia never was, even though she had more reason then most to do so.

We all know that Leia, being the twin brother of Luke Skywalker, is fully capable of utilising the Force which, admittedly, would come in quite handy when being a diplomat. No questions would ever be asked, a little Force persuasion and the princess could have a whole planet bowing before her. However, Leia never did. she preferred to convince people to follow under their own accord rather then through fear and the Force. This is a feat many Jedi failed to accomplish.

Even if Princess Leia refused to utilise Force persuasion, there was nothing stopping her from falling to the Dark Side and becoming a very formidable Sith Lord. Anakin had fallen to the darkness in an attempt to save his beloved Padme from a doom he himself initiated. Luke swayed between the sides in an attempt to protect his family and friends, who he feared would not survive Emperor Palpatine's attacks. Leia herself had not been spared the Dark Side's temptations but it never won against her resolve.

Shorty after the battle of Yavin, Leia lost her adoptive family along with her whole planet to the Death Star and this was only one of the many hardships this poor princess would have to face. Many years after the death of her real father, her husband, Han Solo, was murdered by her own son who had joined the Dark Side. And, if that wasn't enough to handle, prior to this terrible incident, she had been practically abandoned by her brother, Luke, and left to fight the First Order alone.

But Leia Organa Solo never wavered in her determination to protect the galaxy, even over her own misfortunes. Although her own planet had been destroyed. she continued to fight along the Rebel Alliance to prevent further terrible destruction from happening to others planets. Even though her son had turned to the Dark Side, Leia never failed to believe that he would, someday, return to them. After being left behind by her brother, she continued to search for the missing pieces of the map that would lead her to him. When Han Solo was murdered, she didn't turn to the Dark Side, she continued to lead to Rebellion and protect the galaxy. These are all just causes to turn to the Dark Side but it never won.

Leia had countless occasions where it may have been easy and even tempting to go to the Dark side, she never swayed. Although some may say the Skywalker bloodline is cursed to be tempted by the Darkness it has, as yet, never claimed Leia. So you can keep your princesses with their tiaras, Princess Leia Organa has, if anything, earned my respect and, I hope, she has earned yours.

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Artificial Intelligence is not a new concept. In fact the idea has been around for at least a hundred years if not more in the forms of scientific writings and fictional stories. One of the earliest fictional writings for A.I. was in the form of Isaac Asimov's I,Robot and the Three Laws of Robotics. This book set a precedent for a lot of science fiction literature and motion pictures about robots and artificial intelligence. Just as a reminder here are the three laws of robotics according to Isaac Asimov:

1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

The book I,Robot set a precedent that Artificial Intelligence can be a bad thing and can turn the world into a police state or even worse kill all humans leaving just Robots to take their place. On the other hand, we also know that Artificial Intelligence can be a good thing and that we can cooperate with them.

One of the most iconic movies regarding Artificial Intelligence was 2001: A Space Odyssey by Stanley Kubrick. The movie itself is a trip about humanity through the ages from its early days before civilization all the way up to the future where humanity has created space colonies and even A.I. In the movie we meet the A.I. in the form of Hal 9000. Hal does the commands necessary for the human characters in the film, but then goes rouge and starts to go haywire and disobeys commands. It is here we truly see how the menace of A.I. can stop us or even destroy us if necessary. Hal 9000 as a character also sets a precedent. The precedent being, that A.I. is evil and should not be created, but one must also remember that this movie was created in 1969 when computers very large, cumbersome, could barely work, and most important a foreign and scary concept.

Terminator was introduced to us in 1984 by James Cameron. In it we were introduced to the A.I. Skynet, its robotic army, and its time travelling robot assassin The T-800 played by Arnold Schwarzenegger. In the movie series Skynet orders assassins to go back in time and kill the leader of a human resistance that takes place in the future. The plot of the movie series itself involves characters that try to prevent Skynet from being created in the first place. Once again we see that A.I. is considered evil.

The Matrix came out in 1999 and like 2001, and Terminator, it was a game changer of a movie that too also involved an A.I. This time though A.I. has taken over the world and is currently warring with the last remaining amounts of humans on the planet. The A.I. in the movie is so powerful that it is able create human beings in an assembly line like fashion and simply use the humans like batteries to keep the machines going. All along the humans believe they are living out their own lives while in reality they are actually acting out a computer simulation. This form of A.I. is considered one of the most powerful and evil of A.I.

Of course with the book I,Robot, we get two forms of Robots or A.I. a bad one and a good one. The good robot A.I. that we see within the book is Robbie, a robot who saves his owner and friend from being killed in a car accident.

In the same year as The Matrix, we also got Bicentennial Man, a story of a robot who serves a wealthy family. He eventually, through questions is allowed to become his own person and forge his own life. In this film it is humans that are considered the antagonists and Andrew the Robot, played by Robin Williams, as the Protagonist. The story follows Andrew's life and how he meets humans both good and bad and his search for answers to his many questions.

In 2001 we had the movie A.I. Artificial Intelligence directed by Steven Spielberg. The movie was originally going to be done by Stanley Kubrick, a purposeful call back to 2001: A Space Odyssey, but Kubrick died in 1999 and was not able to do the film. In A.I. we have another example of Artificial Intelligence as the protagonist and more importantly, an A.I. that is not evil or has no ill intention. In A.I. Artificial Intelligence we have David (Haley Joel Osment) an A.I. in the form of a young boy who loses his purpose and tries to find his purpose including the man who created him. He is assisted by other robots like Jude Law's Character Gigolo Joe. In this world of A.I. Artificial Intelligence, all robots have to be documented. Humans in this world are considered the antagonists.

In 1982 Ridley Scott directed Blade Runner, a modified film adaptation of Phillip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep. This film follows Rick Deckard as a Blade Runner whose Job is to retire Replicants. In this film, we see an idea similar to Terminator where we have robots that look like humans to blend in, but that ends the only similarity. In Blade Runner, the Replicants go to earth to simply extend their life span. We also know that these Androids are far smarter and superior to any normal robot, but still follows the Three Laws. Deckard's job is to stop these Androids from continuing what they are doing. During his final encounter with the main antagonist of the film Deckard and the Android have a philosophical conversation while they are fighting one another. The conversation they have on the roof in the rain has to do with freedom, the right to live, etc. This conversation is heard similarly in the movie Ex Machina with the A.I. Ava and the human programmer Caleb. Questions of humanity, freedom, etc.

Will we ever see a movie where we can see both Humans and A.I. coexist together in society?

Ghost in the Shell is a manga created back in 1989 by Masamune Shirow. The direct translation for the manga was called Mobile Armed Riot Police, but the manga goes in depth about A.I. and Androids. The main character is actually an Android police officer and in this world Humans and Androids do coexist, but there are still instances where questions of Robotics and Freedom, Destiny, Control and other metaphysical and philosophical questions occur. The movie will supposed come out some time in 2017 and will supposedly star Scarlett Johansson as the lead Motoko Kusanagi.

Ghost in the Shell will result in the culmination of A.I. films where A.I. finally joins and coexists with Humans in society.

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You rarely encounter as much violence at the movies as you do at a Quentin Tarantino event. Yes, his movies are events. They don't just happen; they explode and exploit, cause controversies, lodge pop songs in your head, delight, confront, pacify, and sometimes enlighten. Going to a Tarantino movie is like attending your favourite concert.

His latest event, The Hateful Eight, is his lengthiest, most testing effort. A dark, brooding, angry mystery set in the deep, racially restless west, about the trickery and lies nefarious individuals will concoct to achieve brand new levels of depravity.

Clocking in at about three hours, The Hateful Eight is a visual tome, split helpfully into six chapters (one of which could easily have been shaved off), shot famously on Kodak's 65mm filmstock, borrowing some of the same lenses Robert L. Surtees used to film Charlton Heston whipping horses in Ben-Hur's physically brutal chariot race. This is the kind of stuff Tarantino loves -- digging his fingernails into cinema's past, back to the very core of what drove him to the movies in the first place. If he could bring Sergio Leone back from the dead and have him hover over his films like a guiding angel, he'd be first to arrive at the cemetery with a shovel.

I enjoyed The Hateful Eight. I liked the way it unfolded like a great Agatha Christie murder mystery, in which several questionable individuals are cooped up in one location, usually a mansion or a cottage, and are armed with nothing but wit and guile as they try to decipher the identity -- or lack of one -- of the killer. But it omits the morally rigid shepherd figure -- like your Miss Marple or Hercule Poirot -- who ties the strands together into a final tapestry of truth.

I also liked the kind of fantastical performances by Tim Roth, as an eccentric, effete English hangman; Kurt Russell, as a macho moustachioed bounty hunter, famed for his promise to hangmen; Jennifer Jason Leigh as Daisy Domergue, vile, wretched, sublime; Samuel L. Jackson as Union veteran Major Marquis Warren. I've said before that no director is able to extract the delightful, natural essence of Sam Jackson like Tarantino. The two (and maybe Christoph Waltz) seem born to work together in film.

There is, indeed, very little to detest about a Tarantino film, especially the ones that paved the long, respected pathways of his career. Reservoir Dogs (1992), Pulp Fiction (1994), and Jackie Brown (1997) still stand, to this day, as his best dramas, because they existed in a world we could all relate to, populated by men and women who were well-rounded characters that drove the plots forward; they didn't let the plots dictate what they said, when they said it, how, or why.

Since the turn of the century, Tarantino's stories have grown more whimsical, more genre-driven, less rooted in reality (to call Dogs, Fiction, or Brown "real" is, of course, also a stretch). His two Kill Bill revenge films started the ball rolling in the early 2000s, relying heavily on his affinity for old school Chinese martial arts comedies. They were drenched in blood, featured ruthless decapitations and amputations, and ended twice with characters dying innovative deaths (Lucy Liu was scalped by a katana in Vol I, and David Carradine's heart exploded in Vol II).

Tarantino then paid homage to the dirty grindhouse era of the 1970s with his much under-appreciated Death Proof (2007), before tackling the Holocaust withInglourious Basterds (2009) and the western with Django Unchained (2012). They were all entertaining in their own right, but none of them gripped their characters with the ways of the world. None of them played with the existential and metaphysical in the way Pulp Fiction or Jackie Brown did (has there ever been, for example, a more thoughtful Tarantino character than Jules Winnfield?).

With these later films, it's clear Tarantino has moved beyond telling the gritty, hard-edged crime procedural that so boldly propelled his early career. His films now are inhabited by dialogue-reciting machines that just happen to appear and behave like humans.

The Hateful Eight ensemble, for instance, is defined not so much by who they are, but by what they do and what they say. It is a testament to Tarantino's storytelling and writing ability that we are able to see through the thin character soup and relish the delightfully incendiary dialogue that warms the bottom.

His dialogue has always been the best part about his movies. It isn't afraid to drift away from the plot, to focus on the issues that matter to the characters and not just to the central passage of play (remember Vincent and Jules discussing fast food in France, or Hans Landa beating so far round the bush in Inglourious' masterful opening scene, or the entire screenplay of Death Proof). His words build character, which you could argue goes against the accepted tradition of imbuing characters first with recognisable human traits and then with thoughts and feelings. Tarantino is a linguistic rebel.

Every writer/director ages with time. Tarantino seems to have gotten younger. With The Hateful Eight, his movies have inexorably left the grit of his past behind. He's having more fun now. Writing crazier and sillier stories. Filling them with thinner but more invested characters. Shooting them with expansive equipment but framing them on subversively minute scales, as if to kid. He's still tinkering. Still exploring the vast richness of the medium we call film.

His cinematic career is set to expire after his next two pictures. I can see the end for him: A movie about gangsters in the old west, who chase villagers on horseback and get swallowed by a hoard of sword-wielding bandits, while Nazis arrive from the future and hold the world in a Mexican standoff. Guts will spill. Heads will roll. Limbs will fly. It will run for seven hours, feature three intermissions, and leave everyone in the theatre petrified. And then his job will be done.

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One of the emerging talents of cinema is the Belgian director Michaël R. Roskam. He has so far made only two full-length features – Bullhead (2011) and The Drop(2014) - but he has already left an indelible mark on my film-watching consciousness. Both films have created suspense through the development of characters, yet there are also elements of Shakespearean grandeur and proportions reverberating in both of his films.

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After watching both 'Duel' and 'Mad Max: Fury Road' we found that they share multiple similarities with one another, besides the high speed chase that frames their story.

They involve the performative acts of masculinity against backdrops that are fundamentally seen as archetypes of male culture. 'Duel' brings the visual notion of the old west as the protagonist David Mann travels further and further away from his Suburbian safety net as he ventures forth in the great unknown. Whilst 'Mad Max: Fury Road', revisits aspects of viking culture and male martyrdom.

Additionally, the iconography within these films are key to understanding their message. Within 'Duel' cowboy boots and hats become the visual indicator warning David that he fails to measure up the machismo of the stoic and quiet males he encounters during the films. The production design in certain scenes help affirm this message, as in one scene he is surrounded by flowers and pink booths. The truck chasing him thus becomes the embodiment of his fear and a metaphor for penis envy. Something David ultimately accepts and defeats through the possession that determine him as a man; his car and job.

With 'Mad Max:Fury Road' the iconography is again brought forth with the appearance of Imperator Furiosa and her seemingly male appearance. As the film continues it stresses the bond between Woman and Man must develop beyond sexual desire and their needs to to be a mutual respect and understanding.

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