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#worms – @chronicsheepdeprivation on Tumblr
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@chronicsheepdeprivation / chronicsheepdeprivation.tumblr.com

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a pair of hammerhead worms (Bipalium pennsylvanicum) attempting to kill and eat an earthworm larger than themselves.

the flatworms produce tetrodotoxin, one of the most potent toxins on the planet, and with their sticky bodies they cling to the thrashing worm until it stops moving and they begin to break it down into a soup.

after feeding, the blood and flesh of the worm is visible in their bodies, staining them red until they further digest it. Bipalium are specialist predators and while some only eat snails, this species feeds only on earthworms.

although they’re both called worms in English, the Bipalium and their prey are no more related to one another than you are to a sea star, being in different phyla.

despite the species being named Bipalium pennsylvanicum, it isn’t native to the US, and neither are its three cousins (B. vagum, adventitium, and kewense) which also live here. both B. pennsylvanicum and kewense are named for where they were first found as invasive species (Kew Gardens, London) and other two have names that refer to their ability to invade new territory when humans ship around soil and plants.

all four are probably native to Asia, but the natural ranges of some are still poorly known. while the majority of earthworms Bipalium predate aren’t native to the eastern US either— most of the ones you see are similarly introduced from Europe—they have a tendency to favor certain worms and leave the forest-damaging Asian Amynthas alone since it may have natural defenses against flatworms. while the impact of Bipalium spp. in the US isn’t well known, it’s likely not positive.

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