BTW "thought stopping" is both a brainwashing technique and a highly useful cognitive behavioral therapy tool.
You "thought stop" by throwing a label on a thought in order to interrupt it and redirect your mind.
In CBT that might look like:
"Ugh, I'm such a failure--no, wait, that's a global label--so I've succeeded at some things, but UGH, I'm feeling disappointed with how this project turned out..."
In stereotypical brainwashing, thought stopping might look like:
"The way Pastor Ben is treating that child seems cruel and sort of--no, wait, those thoughts are from the Devil--so Pastor Ben is doing God's work and I must pray to be cleansed of the evil that makes me angry when..."
Thought stopping can be a good tool! But I think it sometimes gets used the bad way in therapist's offices and social justice spaces. So I want to talk about the deeper mechanics of how to thought stop without accidentally brainwashing yourself.
I think healthy thought stopping is inconsistent. Nineteen times out of twenty, you might think, "Oh, failure is a global label. I'll rephrase."
But one time in twenty, you'll think, "Huh. Am I failure? What does it mean for a person to be a failure? Can other people be failures? If so, what are the criteria? Is the word 'failure' always misleading when applied to a person?"
With healthy thought stopping, critical thinking is allowed. We just section off lines of thinking that we don't usually have the time or energy to be adiquately critical about.
Brainwashy thought stopping may not be airtight, but it is consistent enough to stop you from thinking critically about certain things. Brainwashy thought stopping makes some thoughts forbidden. When you think forbidden thoughts, you feel too shitty about it to think clearly at the same time.
The mechanism for this is usually shame. If you think the wrong thoughts, then you're evil, or problematic, or not committed to recovery.
But you have to think things that might be evil, or you can't resist evil disguised as religious authority.
And you have to think problematic thoughts, or you won't figure out why bigoted ideas are false. (Please note that analyzing bigoted thoughts is very different from stating bigoted opinions.)
And you have to think things that might run counter to recovery, or you won't fire therapists who are manipulative jerks.
Healthy thought stopping is driven by the intention to thrive and think clearly. You hear that global labels can distort thought and perpetuate mental illness, so you practice alternately avoiding the thought and challenging it.
When you challenge a thought, it might turn out to be true. If you're never willing to give the bad thoughts that opening, you might be a little bit brainwashed.