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@caedmonofwhitby

In search of the English Imagination
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Lithograph on paper by Charles Joseph Hullmandel after John Skinner Prout.

Tintern Abbey

From Bristol Museums, Galleries and Archives

Charles Joseph Hullmandel (15 June 1789 – 15 November 1850) was born in London, where he maintained a lithographic establishment on Great Marlborough Street from about 1819 until his death.

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Ironbridge

Included as one of the first UK World Heritage Sites in 1986, the clue is in the name when it comes to Ironbridge Gorge. This was the place – a dramatic wooded ravine created by the River Severn – where the first cast-iron bridge was built in 1779.

Ironbridge, the town that sprang up beside the elegant River Severn crossing, became the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution.

This area, overflowing with natural resources such as coal, iron ore and limestone were all useful to the fledgling industries of the time.

Throughout the 18th century the gorge was a hotbed of production and manufacture, from smelting lead and blowing glass to making parts for steam engines and railway wagons.

However, the lack of a bridge over the Severn was a continual problem. The ferries that carried raw materials across the river were unable to operate whenever it was in spate or too low.

Ironworks owner Abraham Darby III was duly commissioned to build a bridge. The result was an immediate success. And when the structure remained solidly in place during the terrible Severn floods of 1795, it served as Darby’s cast-iron guarantee to customers as to the efficacy of his product.

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Foot’s Cray Church, Sidcup

from “Greater London ... Illustrated" by Edward Walford, 1823-1897

Edward Walford (1823–1897) was an English magazine editor and a compiler of educational, biographical, genealogical and touristic works, perhaps best known for the final four volumes of Old and New London (Cassell, London, 1878).
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Details from Drinkstone Park, Cornard Woods? circa 1747 by Thomas Gainsborough

The title of the artwork shows that there is some doubt surrounding the place depicted in the painting: it could be Cornard Woods in Suffolk, which was the setting of other works by the artist, including the similar canvas in the collection of the National Gallery of London; or it could be Drinkstone Park, since the park's owner was also the owner of this canvas.

See the painting at Museu de Artes São Paulo

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Detail from John CONSTABLE East Bergholt, Suffolk

Cloud study 1821

Oil on paper pasted onto oak panel

In an age when landscape painting was considered an inferior art form, Constable was ahead of his time. Ironically, although his paintings are imbued with a love of the English landscape, particularly the scenery around his native Suffolk, he found greater success in France than in England.

His scientific approach to nature was greatly admired by the French Impressionists of the later part of the 19th century.

Wishing to record exactly what he saw, Constable often painted out of doors. He considered the sky to be the key note in a landscape and executed many rapid sketches, such as this Cloud study, capturing the English weather in all its moods.

See the painting at

FERENS ART GALLERY, HULL

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Stanley SPENCER

Greenhouse and Garden 1926

Oil on canvas

An eccentric and highly imaginative individual, Spencer remained an independent artist, who set himself apart from any of the then fashionable groups. He attended the Slade School of Art along with David Bomberg, Paul Nash and Wadsworth among others.

Many of Spencer's visionary paintings and landscapes were inspired by life in his native town of Cookham-on-Thames, Berkshire. Here we see the view through the door of the greenhouse at 'Lindworth' Spencer's house in Cookham. The detailed still life in the foreground is a recurring device in his landscapes.

Spencer was encouraged to paint still life and flower paintings during the 1930s by his dealer Dudley Tooth. They were easy to sell and provided him with a regular income.

Ferens Art Gallery, Hull

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Stolen Land: Enclosure in Tudor England
In Henry VIII's reign John Palmer bought a former monastic manor. 'Being a man of great power', he grabbed their copyhold pastures from several tenants and enclosed them to make a park. And 'through like power took ... all their commons and made of them fishponds' for his private use. He also seized houses, grounds, lands, tenements and orchards, pulling down houses and driving some of the occupants 'out of the said lordship by force and violence.' Lands which he had given them in alleged compensation were of inferior quality; and anyway were not his to give. The unfortunate tenants ('very poor men... and in great fear of their lives' as well as of their property’) dare not return home into their country' without the King's 'most gracious speedy remedy' in Star Chamber.

from Liberty and The Law by Christopher Hill

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Enclosure

…in the 1770s most of the land consisted of the remains of the three big fields, the common haymeadows and a series of closes, paddocks, orchards and gardens dotted around the village which had come down over time for common use; and also the common waste, the pasture and rough lands on the very edge of the parish. In 1779 this patchwork system, with its scores of field names going back to their medieval and Viking ancestors, was still part of the common mental world picture of the villagers. But with the sanction of the state, by parliamentary Act, these common lands were now to be fenced off and divided, with deeds and titles awarded to private owners, ending the centuries-old traditional common rights…
…The subsequent erection of fences and cultivation of hedges to demarcate individual plots would change the appearance of the surrounding country for ever, shaping today’s patchwork field system which we now think of as archetypal English countryside.

from The Story of England by Michael Wood

Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788)

Cornard Wood, near Sudbury, Suffolk, 1748

Cornard Wood is near the artist's birthplace of Sudbury, in Suffolk. The scene is of common land where villagers are gathering wood and grazing animals, according to ancient rights.
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And Raveloe was a village where many of the old echoes lingered, undrowned by new voices. Not that it was one of those barren parishes lying on the outskirts of civilization—inhabited by meagre sheep and thinly-scattered shepherds: on the contrary, it lay in the rich central plain of what we are pleased to call Merry England…

from Silas Marner by George Eliot

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Above us, rising ridge beyond ridge, slope beyond slope, spread the mountainous moor-country, bare and bleak for the most part, with here and there a patch of cultivated field or hardy plantation, and crowned highest of all with masses of huge grey crag, abrupt, isolated, hoary, and older than the deluge. These were the Tors-Druids' Tor, King's Tor, Castle Tor, and the like; sacred places, as I have heard, in the ancient time, where crownings, burnings, human sacrifices, and all kinds of bloody heathen rites were performed.
Bones, too, had been found there, and arrowheads, and ornaments of gold and glass. I had a vague awe of the Tors in those boyish days, and would not have gone near them after dark for the heaviest bribe.

From The Engineer’s Story by Amelia B. Edwards, 1866

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THE hamlet stood on a gentle rise in the flat, wheat-growing north-east corner of Oxfordshire. We will call it Lark Rise because of the great number of skylarks which made the surrounding fields their springboard and nested on the bare earth between the rows of green corn.

All around, from every quarter, the stiff, clayey soil of the arable fields crept up; bare, brown and windswept for eight months out of the twelve. Spring brought a flush of green wheat and there were violets under the hedges and pussy-willows out beside the brook at the bottom of the 'Hundred Acres'; but only for a few weeks in later summer had the landscape real beauty. Then the ripened cornfields rippled up to the doorsteps of the cottages and the hamlet became an island in a sea of dark gold.

Opening lines from Lark Rise to Candleford by Flora Thompson

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