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Atheostic

@atheostic / atheostic.tumblr.com

Agnostic Atheist | She/They | Brazilian-Canadian | Will happily answer any questions you have about atheism/what it's like being an atheist
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Does God have free will?

If not, why not; but if He does, can He choose evil?

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atheostic

It depends on how you define God, I think. 

I’ve heard lots of definitions where he would definitely have free will, but plenty where he logically could not have free will. 

If your definition is that “God is all that is good”, for example, then he himself can’t have free will based on the fact that for him to do something bad would make him not God.

If going based on the Bible, I would argue that he does have free will, and in fact chooses to do evil more often than not (e.g. endorse slavery, endorse human sacrifice, command genocide on several occasions, command that his followers cut open the bellies of pregnant heathens so they can’t have babies and the babies they’re currently gestating die, command that rape survivors either get stoned to death or marry their rapist depending on whether they were raped in the countryside or in a city, etc).

God is free to be Himself and live out His nature.

God does not endorse slavery…. 

1 Timothy 1:8-11 Now we know that the law is good, if one uses it lawfully, understanding this, that the law is not laid down for the just but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who strike their fathers and mothers, for murderers, the sexually immoral, men who practice homosexuality, **enslavers**, liars, perjurers, and whatever else is contrary to sound doctrine, in accordance with the gospel of the glory of the blessed God with which I have been entrusted.

God doesn’t endorse human sacrifice…

Jeremiah 19:5 And have built the high places of Baal to burn their sons in the fire as burnt offerings to Baal, which I did not command or decree, nor did it come into my mind.

Unless you include Christ (but technically that’s God/human sacrifice) and He went willingly. 

God was ruling as Israel’s national king… 

He was their political king for a time. He lead them into wars and political movements of victory.

God does not condone rape… 

Whether they were in the country side or not… It says if she “screamed for help” in the city she was not to be killed. The point is she must show some “resistance” as a rule of thumb if there’s people nearby who can help. In the countryside no one can help. The point is if the woman had people nearby and she never cried for help or had any resistance it was considered consent. This would motivate women to cry for help if they weren’t sneaking around and she regretted it. You knew it had to be a real rape to cry out for help with the stakes so high.

Deut 22:24 Then ye shall bring them both out unto the gate of that city, and ye shall stone them with stones that they die; the damsel, because she cried not, being in the city; and the man, because he hath humbled his neighbour’s wife: so thou shalt put away evil from among you.

By the way if the father refused to let them to marry they would not marry and he’d just pay a fine. The father had to represent the woman in those days so he would represent her will on her behalf to the rapist. There’s a loophole to the marriage.

Exodus 22:17 If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.

“God does not endorse slavery….”

That’s funny. ‘Cause in Leviticus 25:44 he explicitly says his followers can own slaves:

“Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves.”

And he says that slaves can be given to your children as their inheritance:

“You can bequeath them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life…” (Leviticus 25:46)

And that fathers can sell their daughters into sex slavery:

A young woman who was sold by her father doesn’t gain her freedom in the same way that a man does. If she doesn’t please the man who bought her to be his wife, he must let her be bought back. He cannot sell her to foreigners; this would break the contract he made with her. If he selects her as a wife for his son, he must treat her as his own daughter.” (Exodus 21:7-9)

“God doesn’t endorse human sacrifice…”

My dude. My buddy. My pal.

Also what about that time Abraham was told to sacrifice his son?

Or when God killed all the firstborn in Egypt?

Or when Jephthah made a vow to sacrifice whatever would come out of the door of his house and God accepted the vow, knowing full well that the first thing would be a human, who was then sacrificed?

“The point is if the woman had people nearby and she never cried for help or had any resistance it was considered consent.”

You… you realize you’re victim-blaming rape victims, right? Not screaming for help does NOT equal consent. That’s not how consent works.

And if she DID consent without coersion she doesn’t deserve to be stoned to death.

“By the way if the father refused to let them to marry they would not marry and he’d just pay a fine.”

a) Yes, the rapist would pay a fine to the injured party – which according to the Bible was the father, not the rape survivor. “You break it, you buy it” kind of thing. Because women are legally possessions with no self-autonomy according to the Bible.

b) Yes, if the FATHER decided she shouldn’t marry him, not if the VICTIM decided she wouldn’t marry her rapist.

c) And you think just paying a FINE is the correct punishment for RAPE???

d

“The father had to represent the woman in those days so he would represent her will on her behalf to the rapist.”

Yes, the father was the one the rapist dealt with – because women weren’t legally considered people. Funny how you skip over that.

And you’re entirely assuming that he’d represent her will. Because guess what?

We have recent examples of women being forced to marry their rapist because of THIS rule in the Bible.

It was common practice to shame women into marrying their rapists in Italy until the 1960s. Read up on Franca Viola.

I’m not a Christian anymore so idc @atheostic.

But if I was I would say, it falls under loving one another and being a decent person to not condone slavery. That’s what I would tell people to do. I would mention the Christians that faught to abolish slavery as they said the love of men and the bible compelled them to (Christ teachings). The teachings of Christ came to clarify the true way and laws.

You could say it’s a contradiction but you can’t say that Christ/Christians should support it. The old Judaic laws ‘some say’ are contradictory to the new laws. It’s not my place to argue now.

All I can say is that I will always be against slavery even as a non Christian.

Jesus said that it's okay to own slaves and beat them. (He says so in Luke).

Paul said that slaves should obey their masters, even the cruel ones.

The New Testament does not contradict the Old Testament's views on slavery. At all.

And I'm not saying that Christians should be pro-slavery, I'm saying the Bible is a pro-slavery text. Which it demonstrably is.

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Does God have free will?

If not, why not; but if He does, can He choose evil?

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atheostic

It depends on how you define God, I think. 

I’ve heard lots of definitions where he would definitely have free will, but plenty where he logically could not have free will. 

If your definition is that “God is all that is good”, for example, then he himself can’t have free will based on the fact that for him to do something bad would make him not God.

If going based on the Bible, I would argue that he does have free will, and in fact chooses to do evil more often than not (e.g. endorse slavery, endorse human sacrifice, command genocide on several occasions, command that his followers cut open the bellies of pregnant heathens so they can’t have babies and the babies they’re currently gestating die, command that rape survivors either get stoned to death or marry their rapist depending on whether they were raped in the countryside or in a city, etc).

God is free to be Himself and live out His nature.

God does not endorse slavery…. 

1 Timothy 1:8-11 Now we know that the law is good, if one uses it lawfully, understanding this, that the law is not laid down for the just but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who strike their fathers and mothers, for murderers, the sexually immoral, men who practice homosexuality, **enslavers**, liars, perjurers, and whatever else is contrary to sound doctrine, in accordance with the gospel of the glory of the blessed God with which I have been entrusted.

God doesn’t endorse human sacrifice…

Jeremiah 19:5 And have built the high places of Baal to burn their sons in the fire as burnt offerings to Baal, which I did not command or decree, nor did it come into my mind.

Unless you include Christ (but technically that’s God/human sacrifice) and He went willingly. 

God was ruling as Israel’s national king… 

He was their political king for a time. He lead them into wars and political movements of victory.

God does not condone rape… 

Whether they were in the country side or not… It says if she “screamed for help” in the city she was not to be killed. The point is she must show some “resistance” as a rule of thumb if there’s people nearby who can help. In the countryside no one can help. The point is if the woman had people nearby and she never cried for help or had any resistance it was considered consent. This would motivate women to cry for help if they weren’t sneaking around and she regretted it. You knew it had to be a real rape to cry out for help with the stakes so high.

Deut 22:24 Then ye shall bring them both out unto the gate of that city, and ye shall stone them with stones that they die; the damsel, because she cried not, being in the city; and the man, because he hath humbled his neighbour’s wife: so thou shalt put away evil from among you.

By the way if the father refused to let them to marry they would not marry and he’d just pay a fine. The father had to represent the woman in those days so he would represent her will on her behalf to the rapist. There’s a loophole to the marriage.

Exodus 22:17 If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.

"God does not endorse slavery…."

That's funny. 'Cause in Leviticus 25:44 he explicitly says his followers can own slaves:

"Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves."

And he says that slaves can be given to your children as their inheritance:

"You can bequeath them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life..." (Leviticus 25:46)

And that fathers can sell their daughters into sex slavery:

A young woman who was sold by her father doesn’t gain her freedom in the same way that a man does. If she doesn’t please the man who bought her to be his wife, he must let her be bought back. He cannot sell her to foreigners; this would break the contract he made with her. If he selects her as a wife for his son, he must treat her as his own daughter.” (Exodus 21:7-9)

"God doesn’t endorse human sacrifice…"

My dude. My buddy. My pal.

Also what about that time Abraham was told to sacrifice his son?

Or when God killed all the firstborn in Egypt?

Or when Jephthah made a vow to sacrifice whatever would come out of the door of his house and God accepted the vow, knowing full well that the first thing would be a human, who was then sacrificed?

"The point is if the woman had people nearby and she never cried for help or had any resistance it was considered consent."

You... you realize you're victim-blaming rape victims, right? Not screaming for help does NOT equal consent. That's not how consent works.

And if she DID consent without coersion she doesn't deserve to be stoned to death.

"By the way if the father refused to let them to marry they would not marry and he’d just pay a fine."

a) Yes, the rapist would pay a fine to the injured party -- which according to the Bible was the father, not the rape survivor. "You break it, you buy it" kind of thing. Because women are legally possessions with no self-autonomy according to the Bible.

b) Yes, if the FATHER decided she shouldn't marry him, not if the VICTIM decided she wouldn't marry her rapist.

c) And you think just paying a FINE is the correct punishment for RAPE???

d

"The father had to represent the woman in those days so he would represent her will on her behalf to the rapist."

Yes, the father was the one the rapist dealt with -- because women weren't legally considered people. Funny how you skip over that.

And you're entirely assuming that he'd represent her will. Because guess what?

We have recent examples of women being forced to marry their rapist because of THIS rule in the Bible.

It was common practice to shame women into marrying their rapists in Italy until the 1960s. Read up on Franca Viola.

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atheostic
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And God’s supposedly the one speaking in that passage, by the way. 

God literally explicitly says “You may acquire male and female slaves.” in Leviticus too.  (Leviticus 25:40-46)

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sandsbuisle

Okay, first off, you’re deliberately taking things out of context.

This is right after the Jews left Egypt. Where they were slaves. So this part is laying down the laws of how to keep slaves- including the fact that slavery is temporary. That’s literally the rest of the highlighted sentence. YOU CANNOT KEEP A SLAVE LONGER THAN SIX YEARS. This is usually a form of debt repayment- if you run afoul of huge debts, you would be a slave to your debtor, working for them without pay until your debts are repaid through that labour, or for 6 years if it’s not enough. And slaves had rights.

The end of the chapter mentions how someone could become a permanent slave by choice. I’ll admit that that one’s new to me, I don’t think I’ve read this part before. I’d suggest bringing that one before Jumblr.

But slavery isn’t always the same as colonialist slavery, it often wasn’t an enslaved people with no rights. Each culture had its own laws on slavery, might even have had multiple different kinds.

@sandsbuisle​ I don’t recall responding to your comment, so apologies if I already have.

I’ll break down my answer into a numbered list to make it easier to follow (not that your answer was hard to follow, but I find numbered lists help me make sure my writing’s easier to follow and that I haven’t missed any important points you made).

1. “[Y]ou’re deliberately taking things out of context ... YOU CANNOT KEEP A SLAVE LONGER THAN SIX YEARS”.

a) So you think that it’s moral to own a slave so long as it’s for up to six years? 

You understand that means you’re saying you think owning another person as property for any amount of time is moral, right?

b) Indentured servitude is also immoral.

It’s a step up from slavery, sure, but it’s a reeeeeally tiny step. Like, a chihuahua could easily climb it, it’s so tiny. 

And what the Torah/Old Testament describes in that passage isn’t even indentured servitude, it’s a midway point between slavery and indentured servitude, because the text explicitly says slave but with a time limit, whereas an indentured servant is never a slave (that is, they are never considered to be property like a chair or donkey)..

c) You’re the one taking things out of context: You cannot keep a MALE HEBREW slave for longer than six years (conditions apply).

It’s literally the highlighted words, my dude.

Hebrew women and non-Hebrews? That’s an entirely different story.

i) The rules for Hebrew women

“When a [Hebrew] man sells his daughter as a slave, she shouldn’t be set free in the same way as [Hebrew] male slaves are set free.” (Exodus 21:7)

So how can Hebrew women earn their freedom?

Even if she was given as a gift to a Hebrew slaveman, she is not to go free when her husband is set free (Exodus 21:4). The only way she can gain her freedom is by sexually pleasing her master/master’s son and being selected to be the wife of one of them or by displeasing her master when he has sex with her.

If she doesn’t please her master who chose her for himself, then her master must let her be bought back by her family. He has no right to sell her to a foreign people since he has treated her unfairly.  If he assigns her to his son, he must give her the rights of a daughter.” (Exodus 21:8-9)

Totes moral, right?

ii) The rules for non-Hebrews

“Your [permanent] male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves. You may also buy some of the temporary residents living among you and members of their clans born in your country, and they will become your property. You can bequeath them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life...” (Leviticus 25:44-46)

2. “slavery isn’t always the same as colonialist slavery, it often wasn’t an enslaved people with no rights”

“Don’t let anybody tell you that biblical slavery was somehow less brutal than slavery in the United States. ... Slaveowners possessed not only the slaves’ labor but also their sexual and reproductive capacities.  When the Bible refers to female slaves who do not “please” their masters, we’re talking about the sexual use of slaves.  Likewise when the Bible spells out the conditions for marrying a slave (see Exodus 21:7-11).” -- Greg Carey, Professor of New Testament, Lancaster Theological Seminary

b) According to the Bible, you could beat your slave nearly to death and it was okay because the slave was your property.

“Anyone who beats their male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct result, but they are not to be punished if the slave recovers after a day or two, since the slave is their property.” (Exodus 21:20-21)

c) There is no permutation of slavery that is ethical. Ever.

No exceptions.

d) Yes, slavery was slightly different back then, but not because it was nice slavery unlike colonialist slavery.

It was just as brutal, the difference being that it wasn’t focused on one racial group -- anyone could become a slave. That’s it. That’s the major difference. And yes, you’re right in that there were different kinds of slaves (e.g. in the Roman Empire you could be a government slave or a personal slave). But guess what? They were still slaves. And slavery is always immoral.

3. Just so you know, Jesus was pro-slavery too

In the Parable of the Unfaithful Slave, Jesus concludes that a misbehaving slave should be severely beaten:

That slave who knew what his master wanted but did not prepare himself or do what was wanted will receive a severe beating. (Luke 12:47)
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Bible Verses You Don't Hear About

"You may buy men and women slaves from other nations around you. Also you may buy children as slaves. These children must come from the families of foreigners living in your land. These child slaves will belong to you. You may even pass these foreign slaves on to your children after you die. You can make them slaves forever. But you must not rule cruelly over your own brothers, the Israelites.

(Leviticus 25:44-46)

But God's anti-slavery, y'all!

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My mom on the Israeli genocide of Gaza

My Mom: It's ridiculous how everyone tiptoes around israel just because they're Jewish. Jews had a horrific event (Holocaust) and that apparently excuses anything Israel ever does. The way you can tell this is so messed up is that Black people also have a similar history of persecution but no one treats Black people the way they treat Israelis.

Me: Or Indigenous peoples. Indigenous people are still living through a genocide and no one cares.

Mom: True.

Me: You know why everyone gives Israel a pass, right?

Mom: Why?

Me: Because according to the Bible Israel has to exist (and have control of Jerusalem) in order for Judgement Day to happen. Like, it's legit the reason evangelicals support Israel. They don't do it because they like Israelis, they think they'll all go to Hell because they're not Christian, they just need them to supposedly start the end of the world.

Mom: They care about them being in power but not about what happens to them.

Me: Exactly.

=-=-=

Note: No, we don't support Hamas' actions, nor do we think that all Jews are complicit in the actions of Israel. However, we do think that Israel as a country is currently committing war crimes and genocide.

And I don't care who you are, if you're committing war crimes and genocide you deserve to be at the very least called out and reprimanded.

The fact that Israel is a primarily Jewish country is irrelevant. I would be calling them out no matter what their primary religion was.

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Some dudebro on YouTube: PragerU isn't racist!

Me: They made a video about how slavery was good for the slaves because they learned new skills.

Dudebro: Is that what they said, that slavery was good because skills or did they merely make the same point Vicktor Frankl, father of logotherapy, made in his book "Man's search for meaning" ? Try reading a book and stop letting propagandists tell you what to think 🤔

Me: I was reading at a university level by Grade 6 after only speaking a year of English and I have a Master's degree in Information and Library Science and a Bachelor's in English. I'm also fluent in 3 languages and understand a 4th. They have a video about Frederick Douglass telling kids that he wouldn't have learned to read were it not for his master's wife teaching him. Look it up and watch it yourself.

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atheostic

Question for Christian and Jewish Folk

How can God be moral if he’s a-okay with slavery?

Note to Christians: Jesus is also pro-slavery, so “that was in the Old Testament” is not a valid response. 

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liberty1776

The Christian church is not only against slavery it was it was Christians that ended slavery around the world in the 19th century. Jesus is the God of the old Testament too. Just because sin full people in the bible have slaves is not a sanction of the evil practice. There are murders and thieves in the Bible too, but that does not make God Okay with them. Anyone who thinks Jesus was pro slavery or any other form of injustice either has not read the bible or did not understand what they read.

"It was Christians who ended slavery"

a) Oh, how magnanimous of them to end the thing they started!

Thats like saying women should be grateful to men for allowing them to vote.

And before you say "Christians weren't the only ones who did slavery" or whatever:

No, they weren't the first to come up with slavery, but they WERE the first to enslave based on race/skin colour, to claim that slaves were subhuman, and to treat slaves so horrifically that entire enslaved populations were pretty much decimated into non-existence within 50 years.

While slavery is always horrific no matter how nice the slaves are treated, at least up until Columbus slaves had always been viewed as people, just in the lowest rank of social status. Thralls in Norse society, for example, were seen as people who just had the rotten luck to have a bad Norn deciding their fate (Norns were kind of like the Greek Fates but everyone has their individual one).

But Christians? They claimed slaves were at best inferior humans if not outright subhuman.

Do you know how the transatlantic slave trade got started? Columbus enslaved the Indigenous people of Jamaica to mine gold for him. His treatment of the locals was so horrific (like, "feeding live babies to his dogs as a treat" kind of horrific) that even his contemporaries thought he was barbaric, and one of his men decided to devote his life to helping free them. Alas, within 50 years there was no one left to help.

So he asked his son to send over some slaves to replace the Indigenous slaves and his son sent a ship full of Africans kept in horrific conditions. They kept going through people so quickly that sending Black people to the Americas just became a regular thing.

The rest, as they say, is history.

b) You say "The 19th century" like that was so long ago when it wasn't.

When my mom was a kid in the 1960s there were still living people in my country who were survivors of slavery.

"God's not okay with slavery!"

My dude.

a) The first section of Exodus 21 (Exodus 21:1-10, whose title is "Hebrew Slaves") is where God explicitly instructs God's followers on which Jews they can own as property and for how long

  • Jewish men can only be owned for 7 years and then they must be set free.
  • If an enslaved Jewish man is married when they were enslaved, their wife and children also become slaves but are freed with him when he is set free.
  • If an enslaved Jewish man was given a wife as a gift by their master during his enslavement (because women are objects to be given) she and any children she bears are on loan for the duration of the seven years as slavewomen and their children are permanent slaves; if the man wants to stay with her and his children he must agree to be a slave for life.
  • If a Jewish woman is sold as a slave by her father she can only be set free by sexually pleasing her master or one of his sons and being chosen to be their wife.

b) In Leviticus 25:44-46 God tells his followers who else they're allowed to enslave and for how long

  • Anyone who isn't a follower of God should be enslaved for life.
  • When you die, you should leave your slaves as inheritance for your children.
  • It's totally fine to buy child slaves if they don't believe in God

c) Paul explicitly tells slaves to obey their masters "in everything" (Colossians 3:22), "even the cruel ones" (1 Peter 2:18) and returns a runaway slave to their owner (Philemon 1:11-14).

d) In the parable of the Faithful and the Unfaithful Slave (Luke 12:41-48) Jesus teaches that it's a-okay to beat your slave

e) The fact that slavery is condoned in the Bible isn't a fringe controversial take even among Christians who study the Bible

Don’t let anybody tell you that biblical slavery was somehow less brutal than slavery in the United States. ... Slaveowners possessed not only the slaves’ labor but also their sexual and reproductive capacities.  When the Bible refers to female slaves who do not “please” their masters, we’re talking about the sexual use of slaves.  Likewise when the Bible spells out the conditions for marrying a slave (see Exodus 21:7-11).” 

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It's truly chilling how many Christians call into atheist shows to defend slavery as being moral.

Atheist Experience alone has a playlist of a small sample of their slavery-related calls and it's 55 callers long.

That's 55 modern people who think slavery is okay because the Bible said so.

The fact that there are so many people who still think slavery is okay is horrifying.

Note: Those 55 calls are NOT all the slavery calls they've received over the past 20+ years of the show. In fact, they've received so many that some hosts refuse to answer calls on the topic anymore because they're so tired of having to listen to people defend slavery.

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Sh!t Christians Say

=-=-=

1. Domesticated animals are not slaves (with the possible exception of the case of factory farming, which is immoral).

a) You can't legally beat your pet, let alone beat them so badly that they're incapacitated for days.

You can, however, beat slaves that badly according to the Bible.

b) Domesticated animals live in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with humans.

We provide them with food, shelter, safety, companionship, healthcare, and caring for their young.

Depending on the type of animal can provide us with companionship, safety, food (hunting animals who help flush out/capture prey, production of edible things like honey, eggs, milk, etc), and other useful things (wool, silk, beeswax, etc).

2. Dogs and cats pretty much domesticated themselves, so it was very much their choice.

That means dogs and humans have been partners for so long that our brains have switched from perceiving domesticated wolves as potential threats and rivals for resources and now view them as being basically the same as one of our infants. They tested this with other animals we've domesticated for a long time (cats, horses, cows, goats, etc) but none got the same result.

Now, I don't know about you, but I'd say being perceived by a potentially rival species as coequal with said species' own offspring is pretty damn advantageous.

3. For better or worse, domesticated animals are unable to survive in the wild and are dependent on humans in some fashion. The same is not true of our fellow humans.

A modern sheep will get sick and die if it isn't sheared regularly.

Dairy cows will get udder infections and die if they're not milked.

Certain dog breeds require constant grooming and care in order to remain healthy (pugs, English bulldogs, Yorkies, poodles, etc).

Any animal whose species is reared by their parent and not born in the wild requires human caretakers in order to survive due to not having learned the skills for survival in the wild.

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atheostic

Sh!t Christians Say

"If you think that killing the firstborn of Egypt is bad, you're siding with the bad guys."

=-=-=

1. I'm against mass infanticide as a general rule, yes.

If being against killing children makes me a bad person then so be it.

"Killing children is bad" is a hill I'm happily willing to die on.

2. Babies, toddlers, and children brought the plagues upon themselves?

How the hell do you think Ancient Egyptian society worked if you think that children and babies had anything to do with whether their society kept slaves?

There is also no evidence that the Egyptians kept Hebrew slaves, so they're also defending a fake god for doing a fake thing to fake characters who did fake stuff. Like, that's a lot of hoops to jump through to say, "Yeah, I'm cool with god committing infanticide."

There are loads of evidence that they kept slaves from other areas though, so it's not like they didn't leave evidence of slavery. There just isn't any evidence of Hebrew slaves.

Anti-semites DNI.

True.

There is evidence of the odd Israelite slave, which is to be expected simply by virtue of Egypt being close by, but never in the numbers claimed in Exodus.

There is no evidence (physical or archival) of a large Jewish population (enslaved or otherwise) ever having existed in Egypt.

As it's impossible for a large group of people who lived in one area for decades to not leave behind any physical trace of their existence, even Christian and Jewish historians with a vested interest in finding evidence have been forced to admit that Exodus didn't happen.

Which isn't even going into the fact that Ancient Egyptians were meticulous record-keepers and would have left behind archival information regarding the selling/buying of slaves that would mention Israelite slaves in large quantities.

And then there's the issue that at the time Exodus supposedly happened, the area the Israelites were headed toward in Exodus also belonged to Egypt. So they would have left Egypt to go to... Still Egypt.

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