The Jedi are not a government agency, they are a charitable religious order with a formal relationship to their government.
Charities do a lot of good—but governments always have the potential do more, because they have consistent funding from taxes, because they have existing infrastructure (physical and bureaucratic), because they can make systematic change directly at the source.
Charities are almost never able to make up the difference when government programs are cut.
The Republic government takes the Jedi for granted, as it takes its own stability for granted. It assumes it can allow corruption to slip in without consequence. That it can fail to care for its citizens without consequence. That it can use the clones without consequence.
The members of the senate do not die at the end of ROTS. Their fate is subtler, but Sidious says it himself:
And conversely, the senate has become Sidious, become the Sith. They have entirely lost the ability to exercise conscience.
The Jedi, on the other hand? They face the consequences of the Senate’s failing conscience daily, alongside the clones. They die, they witness death, they fight to prevent it where the Senate does not. They choose to be there, along side the clones, because the clones are alive, not in spite of it. The Jedi would never have been trapped by a droid army in this way. Given a droid army, they would have flocked right to the living people most in danger. Sidious knows that.
Imagine if you heard that your local quirky small religious organisation, that you know for its charitable efforts in the community (I’m talking a small local group, not like the whole Catholic Church or something) had been recruited as soldiers. And like, you knew they did martial arts lessons of some kind because they felt that bodily health was tied to spiritual health, and that being able to defend the weak was important, but shouldn’t recruiting them as a military be illegal? They’re not trained for one on one combat and disarming gun owners, not war?
But by an old legal loophole, it is legal. The Jedi can be recruited. They would protest but…there are vulnerable people getting hurt. The clones and the civilians. They can’t just leave them.
And I’d like to add a third bullet point to the what more could they have done argument that I sometimes see.
Option 3: Leave the Republic and Take the Clones with them
Part of this is already covered above, with the clones having agency to choose to fight and care about the Republic’s people, even though it’s mixed up with brainwashing.
But an even stronger argument is much less philosophical:
Feeding 2 million people is hard.
Impossible, even, without some existing infrastructure of irrigated fields, farming equipment, knowledgeable farmers. Or alternatively, without thousands of people dying of starvation and disease while you make your early mistakes. The Jedi keep gardens, but not on the scale of commercial or even full subsistence farming. The clones are able laborers, but they are not farmers. “But they could learn.” Yes, they could—but talk to a farmer sometime. Farming is a craft, with complexities and traditions and things that you simply cannot figure out without someone telling you or making big mistakes. There is no such thing as unskilled labor.
In order to hide a population of 2 million people, you need a lot of space. Like a lot.
I shoved some basic assumptions into a land-food calculator:
[ID: a food calculator website, showing various options for types of food. Fruit and Vegetables, eggs, wheat and grains, and Pathway and storage are checked off. Meat options are all left blank. End ID]
And for just a hundred people (the max it would let me enter), with only fruit, vegetables, and eggs—no meat at all—you need at minimum 1.6 sq km.
For 2 million people, that scales to 31 thousand square kilometres (12 thousand miles) of arrable land, and is likely a vast underestimate considering the clones’ metabolisms. It doesn’t even include living spaces. Or the land and labor needed to grow textile-crops, or spin their own thread for clothes.
And they have no safety net, no funds to buy food from other people while they get set up, because whatever planet (or planets if they split up) with 12 thousand convenient square miles of arable land they’re on has to be a secret, since they’re hiding from the Republic. Thousands, at minimum would die. Probably hundreds of thousands, just like in the war. Remember, there’s no access to manufactured antibiotics or bacta either, and they have no experience with whatever remedies might be available from the local fauna either. The clone medics were well trained, yes, but on manufactured supplies and equipment, not getting medicine from the land.
And convenient arable land tends to already be inhabited. Do the locals want 2 million new neighbours? Are the Jedi and the clones going to kick them out? Accidentally or on purpose? I don’t think they really want to go about reinventing settler violence and genocide.
Take the clones to a neutral planet then!
Well Mandalore can barely feed its own population, so toss that out. And besides—taking in an extremely capable army of 2 million people would be seen as an act of war, no matter what diplomacy you try. Neutrality wouldn’t last long, the planet’s population would no doubt find the clones at fault (blaming immigrants is a classic), conveniently available to fight, and with a fresh sense of loyalty to their new home. Oh look suddenly they’re fighting a war again. The Republic is absolutely capable of raising a natborn army—as proven by the stormtroopers—and that is now a threat to the clones, not a liberation. And the Separatists still have a droid army, by the way.
Not to mention Sidious can just go for a state visit or a holo call, use order 66, and claim the clones went rogue.
Maybe there’s a reason both logic and the Force didn’t tell the Jedi to just skidadle. The clones situation is just bad. Really bad. There was no way out but through, and even that was a trap.
That’s why it’s called a tragedy.
(While you were busy applying your gritty nihilist bothsides-ism to a hopepunk sci-fi show, I was studying the blade (re: doing the most basic amount of world building))